目的 观察经皮球囊扩张血管成形术(PTA)治疗血液透析患者动静脉瘘(AVF)功能不良的临床疗效。方法 自2010年1月至12月，对在北京大学第一医院肾内科因AVF功能不良行PTA治疗的患者行前瞻性的临床观察。总结患者的临床特点、血管造影结果和PTA治疗的技术指标、临床和技术成功率。术后对患者进行随访，观察AVF通畅率。结果 12例患者AVF狭窄均发生在吻合口附近，行PTA治疗的技术成功率91.7％(11/12)。7例晚期功能不良病例临床成功率85.7%(6/7)。术后随访8.6(3.3～14.8)个月， AVF1级通畅率为100%。5例AVF早期功能不良患者平均随访8.2(4.1～11.3)个月。1例在PTA术后3个月发生AVF再狭窄，余4例AVF成熟，透析中血流量达200ml/min以上。结论 PTA是治疗血液透析患者AVF功能不良的一个有效手段。

Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) on autogenous arteriovenous fistula malfunction in hemodialysis patients. Methods A prospective trial was conducted in patients whose arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was salvaged by PTA in our hospital. Results Juxta-anastomosis stenosis was confirmed by fistulogram in 12 AVFs. PTA was performed in 7 AVFs with late malfunction and 5 AVFs with early malfunction. Technical success rate was 91.7%(11/12). In 7 patients with late AVF malfunction, clinical success rate was 85.7% (6/7), and the patients were followed up for 8.6 (3.3～14.8) months. The primary AVF patency rate was 100%. In 5 patients with early AVF malfunction, re-stenosis occurred after 3 months in one patient, and the other 4 AVFs matured eventually. Conclusions PTA successfully improves the fistula patency, and is an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of AVF malfunction in hemodialysis patients.