目的 比较几种透析用水细菌培养方法的敏感性，寻找其中方便、快速、敏感性高的方法。方法 在北京市某三甲医院血透中心随机采样透析用水共85份，分别用4种方法进行细菌培养：①哥伦比亚血琼脂平板培养基37癈培养48h、②TSA培养基37癈培养48h、③R2A培养基37癈培养48h或④20癈培养7d，同时设立阳性及阴性对照组。 结果 1.R2A培养基20癈培养7d细菌检出率最高；37癈培养48h细菌检出率降低，但均高于TSA培养基和血琼脂平板培养基。2.EBPG标准方法与选用R2A培养基37癈培养48h的方法具有较好的一致性，可以互相替代。 结论 我们建议采用EBPG建议的透析用水细菌培养方法，或者通过适当提高温度、缩短时间来改进EBPG建议的方法从而更方便临床使用。

Objective The sensitivity of the four culture methods for bacteria detection in dialysis water was compared to find out the most sensitive one. Methods A total of 85 samples of dialysis water from a blood purification center in Beijing were collected and detected for bacteria by the four culture methods: method A: Columbia blood agar plate incubated at 37℃ for 48 hours, method B: TSA incubated at 37℃ for 48 hours, method C: R2A incubated at 37℃ for 48 hours, and method D: R2A incubated at 20℃ for 7 days. Tap water was used as positive control and water for injection was used as negative control. Results Among the four methods, the number of bacterial colonies was highest by method D and followed by method C. The results from method C were closely consistent with those from method D. Conclusions Method D is the best method for bacteria detection in dialysis water, which is identical to the method recommended by European Best Practice Guideline. Method C can also be used with similar efficiency.