目的：血液透析相关性肌痉挛的发生机制至今尚未明确，本研究探讨内皮功能紊乱与血透相关性肌痉挛的相关性。方法：共收集10例血透中频发肌痉挛（A组）和12例无肌痉挛发作史（B组）的维持性血透患者。于2个月的观测期内各组患者血透相关性肌痉挛的发作次数，并于观测期内透析间日检测肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张功能（FMD）和血浆血管性假性血友病因子（vWF）。结果：在两组基本状况基本一致的情况下，于观察期内，A组的血透相关性肌痉挛发作次数明显高于B组。检测和统计分析发现，A组患者的FMD显著低于B组患者，而vWF的水平明显高于B组。统计分析还表明，FMD与患者的肌痉挛次数显著负相关，而vWF与患者的肌痉挛次数显著正相关。结论：血透相关性肌痉挛可能与患者的内皮功能紊乱相关，改善患者内皮功能可能有利于避免血透相关性肌痉挛。

Subjective The mechanism of muscle cramp in hemodialysis patients is not well understood. This study aimed to determine the association between endothelial dysfunction and hemodialysis-related muscle cramps. Methods: Ten hemodialysis patients with frequent muscle cramps(group A), twelve hemodialysis patients without muscle cramps(group B) were enrolled. The episodes of hemodialysis-related muscle cramps were recorded over a 2-month period. Flow-mediated dilatations were measured in the brachial arteryand plasma levels of vWF were measured on a mid-interdialysis day in second month of the period. Results: The incidence of symptomatic muscle cramps in group A was significnatly higher that in group B. Flow-mediated dilatations were lower significantly in group A, when comparing with group B. While, plasma vWF concentrations were significantly higher in group A. The frequents of hemodialysis-related cramps were associated with values of flow-mediated dilations and the concentrations of plasma vWF in group B. Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction is associated with frequent hemodialysis-related cramps. Improving endothelial dysfuction may be helpful to reduce the incidence of hemodialysis-related cramps.