［摘要］目的 探讨深圳市第二人民医院血透中心维持性血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染的发生率及相关危险因素。 方法 研究对象为2001年1月至2013年3月于本中心接受维持性血液透析达3个月或以上的患者共183名，收集患者的一般资料、临床资料、实验室数据进行分析。 结果 183例维持性血液透析患者中有19名患者感染HCV（10.38%），其中抗HCV抗体13例（7.1%），HCV-RNA阳性19例（10.38%）。单因素分析表明，HCV感染与透析龄、透析总次数、异地透析次数、复用透析器、乙肝病毒感染相关（P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析提示，异地透析次数（OR=1.060，95%CI=1.019~1.103，P=0.004）及乙肝病毒感染（OR=3.816，95%CI=1.119~13.009，P=0.032）为本中心MHD患者HCV感染的独立危险因素。 结论 维持性血液透析患者是丙型肝炎病毒感染的高危人群，通过采取严格隔离措施如血透室分室分机、血透室患者/医务人员合理的比例、避免共用注射药物、透析器复用、减少频繁异地透析可有效的控制HCV传播、降低HCV感染率。

[Abstract] Objective The aim was to investigate the incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients and find out the related risk factors. Methods We take 183 patients who are treated in our hemodialysis center over 3 months as the object of study and collect the information to analyze. Results 19 patients(10.38%) have infection in our center. Positive anti-HCV antibody was found in 13 patients, and HCV-RNA was found in 19 patients. Univariate analysis of the 2 groups indicated that the HCV infention was associated with more times of allopatric hemodialysis, longer duration on hemodialysis, total times on hemodialysis, dialyzer reuse, history of hepatitis B (P＜0.05 ). Logistic analysis indicated that allopatric hemodialysis（OR=1.060，95%CI=1.019~1.103，P=0.004）and infection of HBV（OR=3.816，95%CI=1.119~13.009，P=0.032）were the independent risk factors of HCV infection. Conclusion Maintenance hemodialysis patients are high-risk groups of HCV infection. Adopting strict isolation and comprehensive measures（establish the specialzed rooms for HCV positive patients and HCV negative patients with separated machines, proper P/N ratio, avoid from sharing the same intravenous drug and reusing dialyzer, reducing allopatric hemodialysis）can reduce the HCV infection rate among hemodialysis patients.