目的： 观察血液透析（HD）患者血清脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白（adioPocyte fatty acid binding Protein, A-FABP, FABP4）的变化，并初步探讨其与HD动脉粥样硬化(AS)的相关性。方法： 选取HD患者29例为研究对象（HD组），20例健康体检者为对照（HC组），应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定两组血清A-FABP、IL-6和MCP-1的水平。采用彩色多普勒超声技术测定患者颈总动脉内膜-中层（IMT）厚度。再根据是否伴有大血管病变，将HD组分为HD合并AS组（HD+AS组）、HD不合并AS组（HD-AS组）结果：HD组患者与HC组比较，血清A-FABP、FFA水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。经pearson相关分析，A-FABP与FFA存在显著相关（r=0.939，P＜0.01），A-FABP与IL-6、MCP-1亦存在正相关关系。HD+AS组患者血清 A-FABP水平高于CKD-AS组，且存在统计学差异（P＜0.1）。结论： HD患者血清A-FABP及FFA水平高于健康人群，AS的形成可能与血清A-FABP水平的升高有关。推测A-FABP可能主要通过促进炎症反应和活化巨噬细胞参与AS的形成。

Objective To investigate the changes of serum adiopocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP, FABP4) and its correlation to atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. Methods Twenty-nine hemodialysis patients and 20 health controls were involved in this study. Serum A-FABP, free fatty acids (FFA), IL- 6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intima-media thickness was measured by color Doppler ultrasonography. Results Serum A-FABP and FFA were higher in hemodialysis patients than in healthy controls (P＜0.05). In hemodialyis patients, serum A-FABP level was positively correlated with serum FFA level (r=0.939, P＜0.01), IL-6, and MCP-1. Serum AFABP was higher in the 19 hemodialysis patients with vascular atherosclerosis than in the 10 hemodialysis patients without vascular atherosclerosis (P＜0.01). Conclusion Serum A-FABP may play an important role in the progression of vascular atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease patients.