目的探讨血液透析机超滤功能合理的维护方法。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院血液透析中心2种进口品牌血液透析机。按其超滤泵的不同分为2组，A 组17 台(固定容量膜式泵)，B 组11台(陶瓷柱塞泵)，测定其不同时间的超滤误差值，并进行比较；回顾性统计分析自2004年1 月～2012 年6月2 组透析机超滤故障发生率及超滤故障原因，比较2 组间超滤故障发生率、超滤故障原因的构成比。结果①2 组透析机超滤误差值的比较，在校准9 个月后(t=2.261，P=0.042)、校准12 个月后(t=2.364，P=0.026)，差异有统计学意义。②2 组超滤故障发生率的比较，组间无统计学意义(χ2=0.635，P=0.425)。③2 组超滤故障原因的比较，差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.763，P=0.013)。结论不同品牌血液透析机引起超滤故障的原因有差异，可以根据维修记录，统计分析透析机超滤故障的常见原因，采用合理的超滤功能维护方法。

Objective To find out suitable maintenance methods for ultrafiltration function of hemodialysis machines. Method We selected the hemodialysis machines in our hospital, and divided them by ultrafiltration pump type into 2 groups: group A (17 machines with fixed capacity membrane pumps), and group B (11 machines with ceramic piston pumps). We measured ultrafiltration errors of the machines in the 2 groups at different situations. We also reviewed and analyzed the ultrafiltration malfunction rate and its causes in the period from Jan. 2004 to Jun. 2012. Result ①There were significant differences in ultrafiltration errors between the 2 groups after calibration for 9 months (t =2.261, P=0.042) and for 12 months (t =2.364, P=0.026). ②There was no significant difference in ultrafiltration malfunction rate between the 2 groups (χ2=0.635, P= 0.425). ③There were significant differences in causes of ultrafiltration malfunction between the 2 groups (χ2= 10.763, P=0.013). Conclusion The causes for ultrafiltration malfunction were significantly different between the 2 groups of hemodialysis machines. We could analyze these causes from the maintenance record, and use appropriate methods to maintain the ultrafiltration function.