目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者(maintenance hemodialysis patients，MHP)的执行功能现状。方法在Flanker 任务条件下，对16 例MHP 和15 例健康个体进行事件相关电位(event-related potential，ERP)分析，自动记录反应按键正误和反应时间，以重复测量的方差分析和简单效应检验比较其正确率、反应时、N200 和P300 成分上的差异。结果MHP 组在正确率[F(1,29)=0.881,P =0.879]、一致条件下的反应时与对照组无显著差(P =0.176)；不一致条件下MHP 组的反应时显著长于对照组(P=0.028)；MHP 组在Flanker 效应下的反应时差也显著大于对照组(t=34.514,P＜0.001)。MHP 组和对照组在一致/不一致条件N200 的波峰值[F(1,28)=17.851, P＜0.001]、P300 的波幅值[F(1,29)=4.348, P=0.046]，均存在任务类型和组别效应的交互作用；在一致条件下，MHP 组和对照组N200 的波峰值(P =0.912)、P300 的波幅值(P =0.452)均无显著差异；在不一致条件下，MHP 组N200 的波峰值(P=0.048)、P300 的波幅值(P=0.049)则显著大于对照组。P300 潜伏期的组别主效应显著[F(2,56)=17.482,P＜0.001]。结论MHP 的基本认知识别能力和简单反应时正常，但执行功能中的抑制控制能力和冲突监测能力均有明显损害。

Objective To investigate the executive function in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Method The event-related potential (ERP) of 16 MHD patients (MHD group) and 15 health people (healthy group) under Flanker task were analyzed. The accuracy and reaction time of key-press action were automatically
recorded. We performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and simple effect test for the repeated measures to compare the differences in accuracy, reaction time, and the components of N200 and P300. Result There were no significant differences in accuracy (F [1,29]=0.881, P=0.176) and reaction time in consistency
situation between MHD group and healthy group. The reaction time under inconsistency situation was significantly longer in MHD group than in healthy group (P=0.028). The reaction time difference under Flanker interference was also significantly longer in MHD group than in healthy group (t=34.514,P<0.001). In both
MHD and healthy groups under consistent/inconsistent situations, the peak of N200 [F(1,28) =17.851, P< 0.001) and the amplititude of P300 [F(1, 29)=4.348, P=0.046] had the interaction between task type and group effect. Under consistent situation, the peak of N200 (P=0.912) and amplititude of P300 (P=0.049) had no significant differences between MHD group and healthy group. Under inconsistent situation, however, the peak of N200 (P=0.048) and the amplititude of P300 (P=0.049) were significant higher in MHD group than in healthy group. The group main effect of P300 latency was significant [F(2,56)=17.482, P<0.001]. Conclusion  The basic identification and basic reaction time were normal in MHD patients. However, their cognitive inhibition ability and conflict monitoring ability were impaired.