目的比较高通量血液透析(high-flux hemodialysis，HFHD)与常规血液透析(hemodialysis，HD)联合血液透析滤过(hemodiafiltration，HDF)治疗尿毒症患者的生活质量评分。方法选择维持性血液透析患者41 例，随机分为试验组(HFHD，3 次/周) 21 例；对照组(HD2 次/周+ HDF1 次/周)20例，平均随访36 月，进入试验前1 周内(基线期)及试验结束进行生化检测，用简明健康测量量表(short form 36 health survey questionnaire，SF-36)进行生活质量评估。结果试验组和对照组生活质量评分治疗后无明显统计学差异(生理机能：t=1.682，P=0.254；生理职能：t=1.697，P=0.251；躯体疼痛：t=1.682，P=0.234；一般健康状况：t=1.682，P= 0.149；精力：t=1.682，P=0.481；社会功能：t=1.682，P=0.497；情感职能：t=1.690，P=0.349；精神健康：t=1.682，P=0.354)。试验组和对照组治疗前后尿素清除指数Kt/V 的变化2 组间比较无统计学差异(0.05±0.19 比0.02±0.20，Z=0.874，P=0.472)；试验组和对照组治疗前后尿素下降率(urea reduction ratio,URR)的变化2 组间比较无统计学差异[(1.96±0.29)%比(2.02±7.34)%，Z=1.096，P=0.363]。但试验组经治疗后生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康评分均有上升，且上升趋势较对照组明显。结论2 种透析方式的总体疗效和患者的生活质量评分可能是相当的。由于高通量血液透析经济成本较低，护理操作较简单，故可能更有临床推广潜力。

To compare the efficacy and quality of life score in uremic patients with high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) and those with conventional hemodialysis (HD) combining hemodiafiltration (HDF). Methods Forty-one maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients were randomly divided into experimental group (HFHD3 times/week) and control group (HD 2 times/week plus HDF one time/week). They were followed up for an average of 36 months. Kt/V, URR, and the SF-36 scale were measured at baseline and after the treatment for 36 months. Results The SF- 36 score (including physical functioning, role- physical, bodily pain, general health, energy, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health scores), Kt/V, and URR had no significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05). However, physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health scores in experimental had an increasing trend compared with the control group. Conclusion The long- term efficacy of the two dialysis patterns may be comparable. HFHD may have more clinical potentials regarding its lower expenses and relatively simple nursing operation.