急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)，是一种临床常见危重病症，具有高的致残率及死亡率，而肿瘤患者常有AKI 的危险因素，如老年、慢性肾脏病、肾前性因素、脓毒血症、接触肾毒素及梗阻性因素等。除此之外，肿瘤的诊治过程中也常易伴发AKI。AKI 对肿瘤患者可造成严重不良影响，并影响后续抗癌治疗。尽管肿瘤患者是AKI 的常见发病人群，但是目前国内关于肿瘤患者伴发AKI 的研究尚少。本文谨就近年来国际上的相关研究进展，对肿瘤患者的AKI 病因及肿瘤重病患者伴发AKI 的临床特点进行综述。

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Cancer patients often have the risk factors for AKI, such as older age, chronic kidney disease, pre-renal factors, sepsis, exposure to nephrotoxins, and obstructive. In addition, anti-cancer treatment and the diagnostic procedure for cancer may also induce AKI. AKI causes serious consequences and affects the anti-cancer therapy. Although AKI is frequently seen in cancer patients, research on this population is limited in China. Here we summarize the etiology of AKI in this population and the clinical characteristics of AKI in critical cancer patients.