急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury，AKI)是临床常见的肾脏急、危、重症，院内病死率高，医疗资源消耗大，并且存活病人远期死亡率和慢性肾脏病发生率都显著增高。近年来，我国学者陆续开展了住院病人AKI 发病情况的调查研究。据估计，我国2013 年约有290 万成年住院患者罹患AKI，其中约70万患者死亡，从而造成严重的医疗、社会和经济负担，并且临床诊疗中存在严重的漏误诊与治疗不充分问题。应重视院内AKI的发生发展，积极开展防治工作，以减少死亡率并改善肾脏预后。

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe clinical syndrome associated with higher mortality, tremendous medical expenditure, and higher long-term mortality and morbidity. During the past 3 years, nephrologists have conducted a serial of surveys on the epidemiology of AKI in China. It is estimated that about 2.9 million adult AKI patients were hospitalized and 700,000 patients of them died in 2013 in China, resulting in a huge burden to the medical institutes, the society, and the economy. Meanwhile, there has been a common situation of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment to AKI patients in clinical practice. Serious attention should be paid to the prevention an treatment of AKI to reduce mortality and to improve outcome of AKI patients.