目的调查血液透析(Hemodialysis，HD)患者家庭照顾者负担现状及影响因素。方法采用一般资料问卷、照顾者负担量表对120 名HD 患者家庭照顾者进行调查。结果HD 患者家庭照顾者负担总分为(30.28±17.27)分，67.5%的照顾者存在不同程度的照顾负担。照顾者社会支持(β=-0.781，P＜0.001)、患者自理能力(β =0.236, P＜0.001)、照顾者性别(β =0.280，P=0.001)及照顾时间(β =-0.025，P=0.005)是影响照顾者负担的因素。结论护理人员应注意提高照顾者社会支持水平，培养患者的自理能力，关爱女性照顾者的身心健康，加强照顾者对疾病知识及护理技巧的掌握，以此减轻照顾者负担，提高血液透析患者及照顾者的生活质量。

Objective To investigate the burden of family caregivers for hemodialysis (HD) patients and its influence factors. Methods A total of 120 family caregivers for HD patients were investigated by the general self-designed questionnaire and zarit burden interview (ZBI). Results Total ZBI score of the caregivers was 30.28 ± 17.27, and 67.5% caregivers felt caregiver burden. The factors influencing the burden included social support, self- care ability, caregiver gender and the time spent on care (social support: β =-0.781, P＜0.001; self-care ability: β=0.236, P<0.001; caregiver gender: β=0.280, P=0.001; the time spent on care: β =-0.025, P =0.005). Conclusion Caregivers should have proper guidance and help to alleviate their physical and mental burden, in order to improve the quality of life of caregivers and hemodialysis patients.