肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension PAH)是一种引起右心衰竭，如果不治疗最终导致死亡的慢性进行性疾病，是血液透析患者常见的并发症，尤其是建立动静脉内瘘的透析患者，随着慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的进展，严重PAH 的患病率和心血管死亡率呈明显上升趋势。其发病机制复杂，许多因素可以造成血液透析患者的肺动脉高压。临床上应早期识别肺动脉高压并给予积极的干预，减缓易患因素防止PAH发生发展。

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disease leading to right heart failure and death if untreated. It is a common abnormality in patients with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, especially those having arteriovenous fistula. With the increase of chronic kidney disease patients, the prevalence of severe PAH and the mortality of cardiac diseases are significantly increasing. Several factors cause the development and progression of PAH. Clinically, PAH should be identified and treated earlier to mitigate the susceptible factors and to prevent the development of PAH.