血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者透析时将血液暴露于大量的透析液中，透析液的纯度(尤其是微生物纯度)与透析患者的急慢性并发症的发生发展密切相关。随着科学技术的发展，微生物纯度较高的超纯透析液已经应用于临床。与标准透析液相比，超纯透析液可以改善患者的炎症状态、营养不良、红细胞生成素抵抗、透析相关淀粉样变(dialysis related amyloidosis，DRA)以及动脉粥样硬化等并发症，并进一步降低相关疾病的发病率及死亡率。

Hemodialysis patients are exposed to a large volume of water during hemodialysis. Purity of the dialysate especially the microbial purity is closely related to the acute and long-term complications of hemodialysis. With the advances in technology, ultrapure dialysate with substantially lower bacterial and endotoxin contaminants is widely used clinically. The ultrapure dialysate can improve inflammation status, malnutrition, erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness and progressive atherosclerosis, and decrease the morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients.