肌肉痉挛是血液透析的常见并发症之一，肌肉痉挛的发作降低了患者对血液透析的耐受性，是患者无法完成充分透析的重要原因之一。本文就血液透析相关性肌肉痉挛的发生机制、临床特点和防治措施予以综述。

Muscle cramps is one of the most common complications in hemodialysis, leading to lower tolerance and adequacy of the dialysis treatment. Here we review the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of muscle cramps in hemodialysis in order to find out effective treatment for patients suffered from this complication.