目前贫血仍是导致慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者死亡的常见并发症之一，尽管红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)得到广泛应用并改善了CKD 患者的贫血，但仍有部分患者因存在EPO 抵抗而难以维持理想的血红蛋白水平，甚至极少数患者出现抗EPO 抗体介导的纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(pure red cell aplasia, PRCA)。因EPO 抵抗及其介导的PRCA 发病机制及临床诊疗尚不十分明确，导致发病率有逐年增加趋势。本文就EPO抵抗及其介导的PRCA 近期研究进展进行介绍。

Anemia is one of the common complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Although erythropoietin- stimulating agents (ESAs) have been widely applied and are effective for anemia in CKD patents, it is impossible for some patients to maintain hemoglobin to the recommended level. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) induced by anti- erythropoietin antibody is present in a few cases. The pathogenesis of EPO resistance and anti-EPO antibody induced PRCA are unclear, and the prevalence of these abnormalities become increased. Here we discuss the recent advances in EPO resistance and anti-erythropoietin antibody induced PRCA.