目的了解维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者的照顾负担现状，分析其影响因素。方法采取方便抽样，对95 例接受维持性血液透析治疗的患者及其主要照顾者进行问卷调查，用Zarit 照顾者负担量表评估照顾者的照顾负担。结果74.7%(71 例)的照顾者存在不同程度的照顾负担，以轻度负担(56例，占58.9%)为主；多因素分析结果显示，患者的活动能力(β=-6.575，P＜0.001)、照顾者的居住状况(β=13.883，P=0.017)和照顾者的健康状况(β=9.636，P＜0.001)是维持性血液透析患者主要照顾者照顾负担的影响因素。结论大部分维持性血液透析患者的主要照顾者面临不同程度的照顾负担。不同活动情况的患者及不同居住和健康状况的照顾者，照顾负担有显著性差异。应注重照顾者照顾负担的动态评估，采取针对性的措施缓解照顾者的照顾负担。

Objective To investigate the care burden level of the primary caregivers for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and to analyze their influencing factors. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to investigate 95 MHD cases and their primary caregivers. The care burden was assessed by Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. Results The caregivers from 71 patients (74.7%) had varying degrees of care burden, mainly with a slight burden (56 cases, 58.9%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the activities of patients (β =- 6.575, P＜0.001), caregivers living condition (β =13.883, P=0.017) and the caregiver's health status (β=9.636, P＜0.001) were the influence factors for care burden of the caregivers. Conclusions Most of the primary caregivers for MHD patients face different levels of care burden. The care burden varies among patients with different activities of the patients and caregivers of their living and health conditions. We should pay attention to the dynamic assessment of caregiver burden, and take measures to alleviate the care burden.