目的调查维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis, MHD)患者的营养现状、人体成分分布及其影响因素。方法选择MHD 患者123 例，应用人体成分检测仪(body composition monitoring，BCM)、人体测量和生化指标评估患者营养和人体成分分布。结果36.6%的MHD 患者存在营养不良。营养不良组患者瘦组织指数(1ean tissue index,LTI)显著低于营养良好组(11.598±2.700 比12.958±2.531,t=-2.801,P=0.006)。超敏C 反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein，hs-CRP)升高是患者低瘦组织指数的独立危险因素(OR=2.431, 95% CI=1.136～5.201，P=0.022)；而握力是瘦组织指数的保护因素(OR=0.219，95% CI=0.097～0.497，P＜0.001)。结论营养不良MHD 患者的人体成分表现为瘦组织量不足。瘦组织量的下降可能与炎症有关；握力可作为MHD 患者肌肉量下降的监测指标。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and body composition in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients, and to explore the factors affecting the body composition. Methods A total of 123 MHD patients completed the body composition analyses by body composition monitoring (BCM), and nutritional assessment by biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Results Malnutrition was defined in 36.6% patients by prealbumin level. A significant difference Significant difference in lean tissue index (LTI) was noted between malnutrition group and well-nourished group, with lower LTI (11.598±2.700 vs. 12.958±2.531, t=- 2.801, P=0.006) in patients in malnutrition group. Higher hypersensitive C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) was identified as an independent risk factor for lower LTI (OR=2.431, 95% CI 1.136～5.201, P=0.022),while handgrip strength was found to be a protective factor for LTI (OR=0.219, 95% CI 0.097～0.497, P＜0.001) in MHD patients. Conclusion Malnutrition patients tended to have lower lean tissue mass accompanied by higher inflammation markers. Handgrip strength could be used to monitor muscle mass in MHD patients.