红细胞生成刺激剂(erythrocyte-forming stimulants, ESA)为临床上常用的治疗肾性贫血的药物，近年来ESA 的使用剂量有着显著的变化，研究发现不同透析中心ESA 的使用剂量有显著差异，且ESA 高剂量应用者的全因死亡风险升高。本文从患者基线状况、ESA 反应性以及临床需要方面方面对使用ESA的剂量差异原因作了简要分析。

Erythrocyte-forming stimulant agents (ESAs) are widely used in the treatment of renal anemia. Recently, the dosage of ESAs is changed dramatically and is varied in different dialysis centers. However, higher dosage of ESAs will raise the all-cause death risk. This article analyzes the cause of ESAs dosage
variation focused in the baseline characteristics of patients, reactivity to ESAs and clinical needs.