内源性红细胞生成素缺乏是慢性肾脏病贫血的主要原因。重组人红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rHuEPO)是治疗慢性肾脏病贫血最为有效的药物，新一代长效红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)由于半衰期更长，稳定性高，临床更具有优势，由EPO 治疗低反应性而高剂量EPO 应用增加了患者的死亡风险。EPO 主要受低氧诱导因子的调节，新近出现的低氧诱导因子脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂(FG-4592)为治疗肾性贫血提供了新的途径。

Endogenous erythropoietin deficiency is the main cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is the most effective medicine for treatment of anemia in CKD. The new generation of long-acting EPO has the advantages of longer half-life and stability, which reduces the mortality risk due to high EPO dosage for hyporesponsiveness patients. Hypoxia inducible factor is the main regulatory factor for EPO production. The hypoxia inducible factor proline hydroxylase inhibitor (FG-4592) provides a new way for the treatment of renal anemia.