【摘要】腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis，PD)是终末期肾脏病(end stage renal disease，ESRD)患者的主要肾替代治疗方式，腹膜炎是PD 患者常见且严重的并发症，是PD 技术失败、导致PD 患者转至长期血液透析甚至患者死亡的主要原因。及时正确规范的诊断与治疗有助于腹膜炎的治愈，患者腹膜功能的恢复。本文基于2016 年国际腹膜透析协会(international society for peritoneal dialysis，ISPD)更新的腹膜炎防治指南及近期文献，对PD相关腹膜炎的诊断和治疗进展做一介绍。

【Abstract】Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the renal replacement therapies for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Peritonitis is a common and serious complication and a major cause for PD failure, transfer to hemodialysis, and death in PD patients. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis in time is essential to cure this complication and to recover PD treatment for the patients. This article introduces the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of PD-related peritonitis, based on the latest Peritonitis Recommendations on Prevention and Treatment Updated in 2016 by the International Association for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) and recent literature.