【摘要】血液透析是终末期肾病患者的主要治疗方式。经皮介入治疗可用于静脉或动脉狭窄导致的通路功能不良或失功，具有创伤小、失血少、保留有限血管资源等优势。经皮腔内血管成形术是多数透析通路病变的初始标准治疗方法，经皮血管支架植入术在处理中心静脉狭窄上具有优势。及早干预对延长通路使用寿命、提高患者生存质量有重要意义。

【Abstract】Hemodialysis is the main renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Complications of long-term arteriovenous access are the main reason for hospitalization in hemodialysis patients. Percutaneous interventional therapy can be used in poor function or failure of the arteriovenous access due to vein or arterial stenosis, which has the advantages of few trauma and blood loss and retention of limited blood vessel resources. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is the initial standard treatment for most dialysis pathway lesions. Percutaneous transluminal stenting has the advantages in dealing with central venous stenosis. Early intervention on malfunctional arteriovenous access is essential for extending the service life of arteriovenous access and improving patients’quality of life.