【摘要】内瘘处血管狭窄是造成内瘘闭塞并最终使其丧失功能的最主要原因。动静脉狭窄的病理特征表现为内膜增生，但其发病机制尚未明确。内皮-间充质细胞转分化的过程中会产生大量的肌成纤维细胞和细胞外基质，很可能与动静脉内瘘狭窄的病理特征密切相关。本文综述了内皮-间充质细胞转分化在动静脉内瘘狭窄中的作用研究新进展，这为内瘘狭窄机制的进一步阐明和临床上的防治提供了1 种全新的思路。

【Abstract】Stenosis is the main cause of occlusion and malfunction of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Pathologically, AVF stenosis is characterized by intimal hyperplasia, of which the mechanism remains unclear. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition results in plenty of myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix, which may relate to the pathological features of AVF stenosis. This paper summarizes the relationship between endothelialto- mesenchymal transition and AVF stenosis, providing a new idea useful for the understanding, clinical prevention and treatment of AVF stenosis.