【摘要】终末期肾病为新兴的非传染性疾病之一，近年来其患病率呈持续增长。结核分枝杆菌是终末期肾病患者较常见的特殊感染病原菌。虽然随着医疗保健策略逐渐完善，结核病的诊治水平较既往提高，结核病的全球发病率、死亡率有下降趋势，但仍需密切关注结核病在终末期肾病患者中的流行趋势。2 病并发存在症状体征不典型、易误诊漏诊、抗结核药物不良反应多及预后差的特点。本综述将对终末期肾病患者合并结核病的流行现状和危险因素进行探讨，进而提高人们对终末期肾病合并结核病的认识和防控能力。

【Abstract】End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the emerging burdens of non-communicable disease and the number of ESRD patients is growing rapidly. The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) is higher among ESRD patients. Diagnosis and treatment of TB are improved with the development of health care system. According to the statistics from World Health Organization, the incidence and mortality of TB are falling. However, we still have to pay more attention to the prevalence of TB among ESRD patients. The coexistence of TB and ESRD is characterized by atypical symptoms and signs, easily leading to misdiagnosis or loss of diagnosis. In addition, ESRD patients with TB have the high risks of side effects to anti-tuberculosis drugs and poor prognosis. This review mainly focuses on the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for TB in ESRD patients in order to enhance the awareness and to improve the prevention and treatment of TB in ESRD patients.