【摘要】血液透析患者长期接触大量透析用液体，透析用水和透析液的质量直接与患者生存期和生活质量息息相关。我国相关行业标准已经颁布1 年余，但实际工作中仍然存在很多问题，由于临床工作与水质量控制工作存在一定的不匹配性，这些问题大多比较隐蔽或处于萌芽状态，故有必要对透析用水及透析液相关质量控制问题进行综述，强化血液透析质量控制的“内核”和“源头”是水或液的质量控制，全员参与、全过程、全时段监测、以及“50%”预警干预的意识等是实现透析用水和液持续质量改进的必由之路。

【Abstract】The quality of water and fluid for hemodialysis (HD) is correlated to the mortality and quality of life in HD patients because they have to be contact with huge amount of dialysate during HD. The new quality standards have been announced for one year. However, there are so many problems in the real circumstances. These problems are often ambiguous due to the unmatched evidence between clinical work and quality control (QC) of dialysis water. Therefore, it is necessary to review the references about QC of water and fluid for HD, the core and origin of QC for HD. To achieve the target of continuous quality improvement of water and fluid for HD, the comprehension of the importance of water QC in all personnel, monitoring water QC in every process and at all time, and early warning intervention when it reaches‘50% level’must be emphasized.