【摘要】腹膜炎是腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)最常见和最严重的并发症之一，也是引起技术失败的重要原因。分枝杆菌相关性腹膜炎发病率虽低，但诊断困难、治疗棘手、病死率高，预后差。本文综述了由分枝杆菌引起的PD相关性腹膜炎诊断、治疗及预后。

【Abstract】Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis remains to be one of the most frequent and serious complications of PD, and is an important cause leading to technological failure. The incidence of peritonitis caused by mycobacteria is low. However, the diagnosis and treatment are difficult, the mortality is high, and the prognosis is poor. This article reviews the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of PD-associated mycobacterial peritonitis.