【摘要】目的调查北京市设有中心的医院腹膜透析专职护士导管外出口护理操作和外出口护理培训的现状。方法自制《腹膜透析导管外出口护理实践调查表》，对北京市17 家医院34 名腹膜透析专职护士进行调查。结果所调查医院导管相关感染的发病率为0.05 次/年，护患比约为1：46.15。97.06%护士能够注意无菌操作，91.18%能够按完成外出口评估；26 名护士选择生理盐水+碘伏的消毒方式。培训内容中换药频率为外出口成熟前后约有50%为每周2 次，其他频率更为频繁；只有4 名护士会要求患者常规使用抗菌软膏预防感染。整体培训情况为，每名患者接受培训平均为(16.96±9.95)h，所有护士都会对患者进行操作再培训，无人进行家访。结论腹膜透析专科护士在操作情况和培训情况2方面均能较好地按照《国际腹膜透析协会导管相关性感染指南》建议去进行实践，是否使用抗菌软膏预防感染与《指南》存在差异。

【Abstract】Objective To investigate nursing and training of exit-site care for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in professional nurses working in the PD centers in Beijing. Methods This was a cross- sectional study. A self-designed questionnaire of“Investigation on Nursing Practice of Exit-site Care for PD Patients” was used to investigate 34 professional PD nurses from 17 hospitals in Beijing. Results The incidence of exit-site infection was 0.05 episode/ patient/year in these hospitals. The number of nurse-to-patient ratio was 1: 46.15. Thirty-three nurses (97.06%) could strictly follow the aseptic manipulation; 91.18% of the nurses were able to complete the exit- site assessment; 26 nurses used normal saline plus iodophor to disinfect the exitsites. About 50% of the nurses trained the patients or their caregivers to do exit-site care twice a week around the period of exit-site maturation. Only 4 nurses trained the patients to routinely use antibacterial ointment to prevent exit-site infection. The training time was 16.96±9.95 hours for new patients. All nurses re-trained exitsite care in the patients, but no one did home visit. Conclusion The exit-site care practice and training following the ISPD guidelines were well conducted in professional PD nurses. The use of antibacterial ointment to prevent infection was different from the ISPD guidelines. Further investigation in this area is warranted.