【摘要】目的分析腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis，PD)和血液透析(hemodialysis，HD)治疗儿童终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease，ESRD)临床特征和疗效比较。方法收集2011 年1 月～2018 年6月在复旦大学附属儿科医院接受透析治疗的ESRD 患儿资料，比较2 组临床特征和转归。结果231 例PD 和50 例HD 患儿纳入研究，PD 组起始透析年龄小于HD 组(t=-4.998，P＜0.001)，透析随访中血红蛋白(t=0.560，P=0.576)、血钙(t=0.000，P=1.000)、血磷(t=0.448，P=0.657)、甲状旁腺素(t=- 1.828，P=0.069)、超声心动图左室重量指数(Z=-0.750，P=0.455)等均无差异。PD 组待肾时间与HD 组相仿(t=-0.733，P=0.467)，2 组患儿转归无差异(P=0.334)。结论82%患儿以PD 为首选透析模式，PD 和HD 在ESRD 并发症、待肾时间和转归方面均相似。

【Abstract】Objectives To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of end- stage renal disease (ESRD) children treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). Methods Clinical data of ESRD children who received PD or HD in Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from January 2011 to
June 2018 were collected. Clinical parameters, ESRD complications, time to transplantation and outcome were compared between PD and HD groups. Results A total of 231 cases who received PD and 50 cases who received HD were enrolled in this study. The mean age was younger in PD group than in HD group (t=-4.998, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in parameters during dialysis period, including hemoglobin (t=0.560, P=0.576), serum calcium (t=0.000, P=1.000) and phosphate (t=0.448, P=0.657), PTH (t=-1.828, P=0.069) and left ventricular mass index (Z=-0.750, P=0.455). The time to transplantation (t=-0.733, P=0.467) and outcome (P=0.334) were similar between PD and HD groups. Conclusion Most cases (82%) received PD as the first dialysis modality. ESRD complications, time to transplantation and outcomes were similar for children initiated on PD or HD therapy.