【摘要】容量超负荷使维持性血液透析(maitaining hemodialysis dialysis，MHD)患者心血管和全因死亡率增加，而容量不足可使低血压相关不良事件增加、残肾功能减退，甚至导致心脏顿抑。因此精准的容量管理对于MHD 患者的预后至关重要。通过临床评估患者容量状态，因其影响因素众多，故无法客观、准确评价容量状态。目前生物电阻抗分析(bioimpedance analysis，BIA)已成为临床最常用的客观评价血液透析患者容量状态的方法，具有精确、非侵入性、便捷、廉价等优势。本文就BIA 在MHD 患者容量和血压管理、对残肾功能以及长期预后如心血管、住院率、死亡率的影响做一综述。

【Abstract】Overhydration is closely related to cardiac mortality and all- cause mortality in maintaining hemodialysis (MHD) patients. On the other hand, hypohydration may lead to hypotension-associated adverse events, decrease of residual renal function and even cardiac stunning. Thus, accurate management of body hydration is essential to the outcome of MHD patients. Clinical observation cannot be used for the objective and accurate assessment of body hydration status in MHD patients due to the unwarranted interference of many factors. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is accurate, non- invasive, convenient and inexpensive, becoming the most useful method for objective assessment of body hydration status in MHD patients. In this review, we summarize BIA for the management of blood pressure and hydration status as well as the effects of BIA on residual kidney function and long-term outcomes such as cardiovascular complications, hospitalization rate and mortality.