【摘要】目的了解维持性血液透析患者的透析知识水平和自我管理能力的现状，探讨2 者的关系。方法采用自行设计的一般资料调查表、血液透析患者知识水平问卷和自我管理量表对甘肃省273 名维持性血液透析患者进行调查，并分析调查结果。结果患者透析知识水平得分在2～24 分之间，总分为(13.94±5.00)分，其与年龄有关；自我管理能力得分在31～80 分之间，总分为(59.12±10.46)分，4 个维度从优到差：情绪处理、伙伴关系、执行自我护理、问题解决；透析知识水平和自我管理能力呈正相关(r＝0.433，P＜0.001)。结论医护人员应加强对患者在医院透析期间的透析知识教育，提高患者自我管理能力，改善生活质量。

【Abstract】Objective To understand the present situation of dialysis knowledge and self-management ability and their relationship in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 273 MHD patients in Gansu province were investigated using self-designed general data questionnaire, hemodialysis patients' knowledge level questionnaire and self-management scale. Results The total score of hemodialysis knowledge level was 2~24, with an average total score of 13.94±5.00; this score was also related to age. The total score of self-management ability was 31~80, with an average total score of 59.12±10.46. The scores of the four dimensions ranged from high to low as emotion handling, partnership, self-care implementation and problem solving. Dialysis knowledge level was positively correlated with self-management ability (r=0.433, P＜0.001). Conclusion The education of dialysis knowledge during dialysis in hospital should be emphasized to improve self-management ability and quality of life in MHD patients.