【摘要】目的   探讨湘潭地区的季节变化与腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis, PDAP)的相关关系。方法    回顾性分析2011年1月～2017年12月PDAP患者219 例次，按照春、夏、秋、冬季分为4 组，比较四季中PDAP 的发生率，分析各致病菌谱所致PDAP 的发生率与月平均温度、月平均湿度及月平均降水量的相关关系。结果    四季PDAP 的总发生率无统计学差异(F = 0.944, P = 0.435)，与月平均温度、月平均湿度、月平均降水量无明显相关性。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(coagulase negative staphylococcus, CoNS)所致的PDAP 在冬季的发生率最高(F=6.416,P=0.005)，与月平均温度和月平均降水量呈负相关(r 值分别为-0.525，-0.497；P 分别为0.017，0.026)。其他病原菌所致PDAP 的发生率无季节性差异。结论  湘潭地区的季节变化与PDAP 的发生率无明显相关性，但是与CoNS 导致的PDAP 有相关性，冬季发生率最高，且与月平均温度和月平均降水量呈负相关。冬季来临之前应采取针对性措施预防PDAP的发生。

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the correlation between seasonal variation and peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP) in Xiangtan area. Methods A total of 219 episodes of PDAP between Jan.2011 and Dec. 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The episodes of PDAP were divided into four groups according to the occurrence in the four seasons. The prevalence of PDAP in the four seasons was compared. The correlation between the spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and the seasonal variation, including monthly average temperature, monthly average humidity and monthly average precipitation, was analyzed. Results The prevalence of PDAP had no statistical difference in the four seasons (F=0.944, P=0.435) and had no significant correlation with monthly average temperature, monthly average humidity and monthly average precipitation. The prevalence of PDAP caused by coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) was the highest in winter (F=6.416, P=0.005) and was negatively correlated with monthly average temperature (r=-0.525, P=0.017) and monthly average precipitation (r=-0.497, P=0.026). The prevalence of PDAP caused by other pathogens had no differences in the four seasons. Conclusions In Xiangtan area, seasonal variation had no significant correlation with the prevalence of PDAP, but was correlated with the prevalence of PDAP caused by CoNS, which was the highest in winter and was negatively correlated with monthly average temperature and monthly average precipitation. Specific measures should be carried out to prevent PDAP in winter.