[1]Jha V, Garcia G G,Iseki K,et al.Chronic kidney disease global dimension and perspectives[J].Lancet, 2013(382): 260-72.
[2]Fang W, Zhi H,Jinwei W,et al.Prevalence and Risk Factors for CKD: A Comparison Between the Adult Populations in China and the United States[J]. Kidney Int Rep, 2018, 3(5): 1135-1143.
[3]Zhang Q L and Rothenbacher D. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Lancet, 2012, 379(9818): 815-822.
[4]Caskey F J, Kramer A, Elliott R F, etal.Global variation in renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2011, 26(8): 2604-10.
[5]Levin A,Tonellit M,Bonventre J,et al. Global kidney health 2017 and beyond: a roadmap for closing gaps in care, research, and policy[J]. Lancet, 2017, 390(10105): 1888-1917.
[6]Mehrotra R,Devuyst O,Davies SJ, et al.The Current State of Peritoneal Dialysis[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2016,27(11): 3238-3252.
[7]Jain A K , Blake P , Cordy P , et al.Global trends in rates of peritoneal dialysis[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2012,23(3):533-44.
[8]Li K T,Chow K M,Van D L, et al.Changes in the worldwide epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis[J]. Nat Rev Nephrol, 2017,13(2): 90-103.
[9]Liyanage T,Ninomiya T,Jha V,et al.Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease a systematic review[J]. Lancet, 2015,385(9981): 1975-1982.
[10]Leung C B, Cheung W Land Li P K. Renal registry in Hong Kong-the first 20 years[J]. Kidney Int Suppl (2011), 2015, 5(1): 33-38.
[11]Yu X and Yang X. Peritoneal dialysis in China: meeting the challenge of chronic kidney failure[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2015,65(1): 147-51.
[12]Tang C, Kuo C, Huang K, et al. A Comparative Cost Analysis on Peritoneal Dialysis Versus Hemodialysis in Taiwan[J]. Value in Health, 2016,19(7): A607.
[13]Li K T and Kwong W K. Current Challenges and Opportunities in PD[J]. Semin Nephrol, 2017,37(1): 2-9.
[14]Devuyst O, Margetts P J and Topley N. The pathophysiology of the peritoneal membrane[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2010,21(7): 1077-85.
[15]Chaimovitz, C. Peritoneal dialysis[J]. Kidney International, 1994,45(4): 1226-1240.
[16]Raffaele S,Roberto M V,Cecilia B, et al.Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Peritoneal EMT and Fibrosis[J]. Stem Cells International, 2016,2016: 1-11.
[17]Tomino Y. Mechanisms and interventions in peritoneal fibrosis[J].Clinical & Experimental Nephrology, 2012,16(1): 109-114.
[18]Jaguin M, Noémie Houlbert,Fardel O,et al.Polarization profiles of human M-CSF-generated macrophages and comparison of M1-markers in classically activated macrophages from GM-CSF and M-CSF origin[J].Cellular Immunology,2013,281(1):51-61.
[19]Martinez F O, Helming L and Gordon S.Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective[J].Annu Rev Immunol, 2009, 27(1): 451-483.
[20]Dahdah A, Gautier G, Attout T, et al. Mast cells aggravate sepsis by inhibiting peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis[J].J Clin Invest, 2014,124(10): 4577-4589.
[21]Okabe Y and Medzhitov R.Tissue-specific signals control reversible program of localization and functional polarization of macrophages[J].Cell,2014,157(4):832-44.
[22]Nikolic-Paterson D J, Wang S and Lan H Y.Macrophages promote renal fibrosis through direct and indirect mechanisms[J].Kidney Int Suppl,2014. 4(1): 34-38.
[23]Padwal M and Margetts P J. Experimental systems to study the origin of the myofibroblast in peritoneal fibrosis[J].Kidney Res Clin Pract, 2016, 35(3): 133-41.
[24]Lamouille S , Xu J and Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2014,15(3): 178-96.
[25]Zhu L , Fu X ,Chen X ,et al.M2 macrophages induce EMT through the TGF-beta/Smad2 signaling pathway[J]. Cell Biol Int, 2017, 41(9): 960-968.
[26]Pan B,Liu G,Jiang Z,et al.Regulation of renal fibrosis by macrophage polarization[J].Cell Physiol Biochem, 2015,35(3): 1062-9.
[27]Shi J , Li Q , Sheng M X , et al.The Role of TLR4 in M1 Macrophage-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2016,40(6): 1538-1548.
[28]Kariya T, Nishimura H,Mizuno M, et al.TGF-beta1-VEGF-A pathway induces neoangiogenesis with peritoneal fibrosis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis[J]. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2018,314(2): 167-180.
[29]Naiki Y , Maeda Y , Matsuo K , et al.Involvement of TGF-beta signal for peritoneal sclerosing in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis[J].Journal of Nephrology, 2003, 16(1): 95-102.
[30]Zhang Y E. Non-Smad Signaling Pathways of the TGF-β Family[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2017,9(2).
[31]Jang Y H , Shin H S , Sun Choi H , et al.Effects of dexamethasone on the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human peritoneal mesothelial cells[J]. Laboratory Investigation, 2013, 93(2): 194-206.
[32]Duan W J , Yu X, Huang X R , et al.Opposing roles for smad2 and smad3 in peritoneal fibrosis in vivo and vitro[J]. Am J Pathol, 2014,184(8): 2275-2284.
[33]Graff J W , Dickson A M , Clay G , et al. Identifying functional microRNAs in macrophages with polarized phenotypes[J]. J Biol Chem, 2012, 287(26): 21816-25.
[34]Melisa L A , Timothy B and Jenkins R H.microRNA regulation of peritoneal cavity homeostasis in peritoneal dialysis[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015: 1-9.
[35]Ge Y,Xiao L,Chen X, et al.MicroRNAs in peritoneal dialysis effluent are promising biomarkers for peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis patients[J]. Med Hypotheses, 2012. 78(1):155-156.
[36]Yu J W ,Duan W J , Huang X R , et al. MicroRNA-29b inhibits peritoneal fibrosis in a mouse model of peritoneal dialysis[J]. Lab Invest, 2014, 94(9): 978-990.
[37]Lopezanton M , Lambie M , Lopezcabrera M ,et al.miR-21 Promotes Fibrogenesis in Peritoneal Dialysis[J]. Am J Pathol, 2017,187(7): 1537-1550.
[38]Zhou Q , Yang M , Lan H Y , et al. miR-30a negatively regulates TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and peritoneal fibrosis by targeting Snai1[J]. Am J Pathol, 2013,183(3): 808-19.
[39]Layoun A ,Samba M and Santos M M. Isolation of murine peritoneal macrophages to carry out gene expression analysis upon Toll-like receptors stimulation[J]. J Vis Exp, 2015(98):e52749
[40]Liao C T , Andrews R , Wallace L E , et al.Peritoneal macrophage heterogeneity is associated with different peritoneal dialysis outcomes[J]. Kidney Int, 2017,91(5): 1088-1103.
[41]Lucendo B . Alternative activation of macrophages in human peritoneum: implications for peritoneal fibrosis[J]. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2011, 26(9): 2995-3005.
[42]Li Q, Zheng M , Liu Y , et al. A pathogenetic role for M1 macrophages in peritoneal dialysis-associated fibrosis[J]. Mol Immunol, 2018,94:131-139.
[43]Oishi S , Takano R , Tamura S , et al. M2 polarization of murine peritoneal macrophages induces regulatory cytokine production and suppresses T-cell proliferation[J]. Immunology, 2016,149(3): 320-328.
[44]Wang J, Liu J , Wang Y , et al. High glucose induces alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway[J]. J Recept Signal Transduct Res, 2017,37(4):409-415.
[45]Nakayama M , Zhu W J , Watanabe K , et al. Dissolved molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) solutions preserves mesothelial cells and peritoneal membrane integrity[J]. BMC Nephrology, 2017,18(1): 327.