【Abstract】Objective This study was to explore the correlation between preparation before peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid exchange and PD-related peritonitis. Methods PD patients who were regularly followed up between July and December, 2018 in our PD center were enrolled in this retrospective study. A questionnaire for the preparation conditions before fluid exchange was designed by our PD nurses. Demographic and clinical data and episodes of peritonitis were collected. Results A total of 336 PD patients were enrolled in this study. There were 215 (64.0%) patients compliant with environmental preparation, 295 (87.8%)

patients compliant with material preparation, and 172 (51.2%) patients compliant with manipulator preparation. A total of 127 episodes of peritonitis happened in 74 (22.0%) patients, with the peritonitis rate of 0.10 episodes per patient year. Cox regression analysis showed that non-compliance with environmental preparation (HR=1.659, P=0.037) and manipulator preparation (HR=1.792, P=0.019), and the manipulator not having standard training (HR=4.929, P=0.001) were the independent risk factors for peritonitis. Conclusion Non-compliance with environmental and manipulator preparations, and the manipulator not having standard training were independently associated with PD-related peritonitis.