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临床研究

首次透析血管通路类型对透析患者5 年生存率的影响

  • 宋利 ,
  • 符霞 ,
  • 全梓林 ,
  • 赵立艳 ,
  • 彭银燕 ,
  • 崔冬梅 ,
  • 钟咪 ,
  • 陈诚 ,
  • 冯仲林 ,
  • 叶智明
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  • 1. 广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)肾内科

收稿日期: 2019-05-08

  修回日期: 2019-06-18

  网络出版日期: 2019-09-27

基金资助

维持性血液透析患者内瘘功能的临床追踪研究(编号:2015A020210071)

Effect of the vascular access type at the beginning of dialysis on five-year survival rate of dialysis patients

  • SONG Li ,
  • FU Xia ,
  • QUAN Zi-Lin ,
  • ZHAO Li-Yan ,
  • PENG Yin-Yan ,
  • CUI Dong-Mei ,
  • ZHONG Mi ,
  • CHEN Cheng ,
  • FENG Zhong-Lin ,
  • YE Zhi-Ming
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  • 1Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China

Received date: 2019-05-08

  Revised date: 2019-06-18

  Online published: 2019-09-27

摘要

【摘要】目的探讨首次透析采用动静脉内瘘作为血管通路能否改善透析患者5 年生存率。方法本研究采用前瞻性队列研究设计,纳入2013 年1 月1 日~2018 年8 月31 日在广东省人民医院行血液透析的患者。根据首次透析血管类型及中心静脉置管是否转换为内瘘组分为3 组:动静脉内瘘组、中心静脉置管转内瘘组和长期/临时置管组。主要观察指标为3 组患者5 年死亡率。结果共入组360 例患者,平均年龄(61.1±16.0)岁,糖尿病肾病患者113 例(37.2%),男性197 例(54.7%),首次透析血管通路类型中自体动静脉内瘘129 例(35.8%),移植物动静脉内瘘9 例(2.5%),长期置管16 例(4.4%)和临时置管206 例(57.2%)。3 组患者5 年死亡率分别为:10/138(7.2%)比9/138(6.5%)比12/84(14.3%),χ2=80.966,P=0.116。中心静脉置管组患者建立动静脉内瘘的中位间隔时间为47.00(11.00,86.00)天。首次透析采用内瘘为血管通路可以显著改善患者5 年累积生存率(Z=2.625,P=0.008)。多因素分析显示长期/临时置管组患者5 年死亡率升高[HR(95% CI)=4.992(1.224~14.840),P=0.025]。结论首次透析采用动静脉内瘘为血管通路可以显著改善患者5 年生存率。透析中心应该积极增加内瘘比例,减少导管使用率,缩短建立内瘘的时间间隔,改善患者的长期预后。

本文引用格式

宋利 , 符霞 , 全梓林 , 赵立艳 , 彭银燕 , 崔冬梅 , 钟咪 , 陈诚 , 冯仲林 , 叶智明 . 首次透析血管通路类型对透析患者5 年生存率的影响[J]. 中国血液净化, 2019 , 18(10) : 673 -676 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4091.2019.10.004

Abstract

【Abstract】Objective To investigate whether the use of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) at the beginning of dialysis can improve the 5-year survival rate of patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods The patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) at the Blood Purification Center of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2013 to August 31, 2018 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. According to the type of vascular access at the beginning of dialysis and whether the central venous catheter was changed to AVF/graft, they were divided into three groups: AVF group, central venous catheter to internal fistula group, and long-term/temporary catheterization group. The primary outcome indicator of the three groups
was the 5-year mortality rate. Results A total of 360 patients (197 males; the average age of 61.1±16.0 years) were enrolled; 113 patients (37.2%) had diabetic nephropathy. The first type of blood access was autologous AVF in 129 cases (35.8%), arteriovenous grafts (AVG) in 9 cases (2.5%), long-term catheterization in 16 cases (4.4%), and temporary catheterization in 206 cases (57.2%). The 5-year mortality rate of AVF group, central venous catheter to internal fistula group and long- term/temporary catheterization group were: 10/138 (7.2%), 9/138 (6.5%) and 12/84 (14.3%) respectively (χ2=80.966, P=0.116). In central venous catheter to internal fistula group, the median interval between central venous catheterization and establishment of an AVF was 47 (11-86) days. Survival analysis showed that the use of AVF at the beginning of dialysis could significantly improve the 5-year survival rate (Z=2.625, P=0.008). Multivariate analysis showed a higher mortality rate in patients with long-term/temporal catheterization (HR=4.992, 95% CI=1.224~14.84, P=0.025). Conclusions The use of AVF/graft at the beginning of dialysis can significantly improve the 5-year survival rate of patients with end-stage renal disease.

参考文献

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