[1]Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al.Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People[J].Age Ageing. Jul; 39(4):412-423., 2010, Jul; 39(4):412-423
[2]Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, et al.Sarcopenia in Asia:consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia[J].J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2014, 15(2):95-101
[3]Isoyama N, Qureshi AR, Avesani CM, et al.Comparative associations of muscle mass and muscle strength with mortality in dialysis patients[J]．Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Oct 7; 9(10):1720-1728.Kamijo Y, ?Kanda E, ?Ishibashi Y, et al. Sarcopenia and Frailty in PD: Impact on Mortality, Malnutrition, and Inflammation[J]．[J].Perit Dial Int.,, 2018, Nov-Dec; 38(6):447-454
[4]Collins AJ, Foley RN, Chavers B, et al.United States Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease & end-stage renal disease in the United States[J]．[J].Am J Kidney Dis, 2012, Jan; 59(59):e1-420
[5]Lamarca F, Carrero JJ, Rodrigues JC, et al.Prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients: the impact of different diagnostic criteria[J].J Nutr Health Aging., 2014, 18(7):710-717
[6]Ren H, Gong D, Jia F, et al.Sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: incidence rate,risk factors and its effect on survival risk[J].Ren Fail., 2016, 38(3):364-371
[7]Yoowannakul S, Tangvoraphonkchai K, Vongsanim S, et al.Differences in the prevalence of sarcopenia in haemodialysis patients: the effects of gender and ethnicity[J].J Hum Nutr Diet, 2018, 31(5):689-696
[8]Yoowannakul S, Tangvoraphonkchai K, Davenport A.The prevalence of muscle wasting (sarcopenia) in peritoneal dialysis patients varies with ethnicity due to differences in muscle mass measured by bioimpedance[J].Eur J Clin Nutr.Mar; 72(3), 2018, 72(3):381-387
[9]Ikizler TA, Pupim LB, ?Brouillette JR, et al.Hemodialysis stimulates muscle and whole body protein loss and alters substrate oxidation[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2002, Jan; 282(1):E107-116
[10]Kim JK, ?Choi SR, Choi MJ, et al.Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease[J].Clin Nutr, 2014, 33(1):64-68
[11]Langen RC, Schols AM, Kelders MC, et al.Inflammatory cytokines inhibit myogenic differentiation through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB[J].[J].FASEB J,, 2001, 15(15):1169-1180
[12]Boivin MA, Battah SI, Dominic EA, et al.Activation of caspase-3 in the skeletal muscle during haemodialysis.[J].Eur J Clin Invest, 2010, 40(10):903-901
[13]Bi X, ?Ai H, ?Wu Q, ?Fan Q, et al.Insulin Resistance Is Associated with Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in Non-Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients[J].Med Sci Monit, 2018, 13(24):897-902
[14]Zhang L, Du J, Hu Z, et al.IL-6 and serum amyloid A synergy mediates angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting[J].J Am Soc Nephrol., 2009, 20(3):604-612
[15]Ikizler TA, Flakoll PJ, Parker RA, et al.Amino acid and albumin losses during hemodialysis[J]. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 830–837[J].[J].Kidney Int, 1994, 46(46):830-837
[16]Delafontaine P, Yoshida T.The renin-angiotensin system and the biology of skeletal muscle: mechanisms of muscle wasting in chronic disease states[J].[J].Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc, 2016, 127(127):245-258
[17]Molina P, ?Carrero JJ, ?Bover J, et al.Vitamin D,a modulator of musculoskeletal health in chronic kidney disease[J].J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle., 2017, 8(5):686-701
[18]Kim JK, Kim SG, Oh JE, et al.Impact of sarcopenia on long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis[J].Korean J Intern Med., 2019, 34(3):599-607
[19]Garibotto G, Sofia A, Russo R, et al.Insulin sensitivity of muscle protein metabolism is altered in patients with chronic kidney diseaseand metabolic acidosis[J].KidneyInt., 2015, 88(6):1419-1426
[20]Wang HL, Ding TT, Lu S, et al.Muscle mass loss and intermuscular lipid accumulation were associated with insulin resistancein patients receiving hemodialysis[J].[J].Chin Med J (Engl), 2013, 126(24):4612-4617
[21]Retamales A, Zuloaga R, Valenzuela CA, et al.Insulin-like growth factor-1 suppresses the Myostatin signaling pathway during myogenicdifferentiation[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2015, 464(2):596-602
[22] Siew ED, Pupim LB, Majchrzak KM, et al.Insulin resistance is associated with skeletal muscle protein breakdown in non-diabetic chronic hemodialysis patients[J]. [J].Kidney Int, 2007, 71(71):146-152
[23]Zhang L, Wang XH, Wang H, et al.Satellite cell dysfunction and impaired IGF-1 signaling cause CKD-induced muscle atrophy[J].J Am Soc Nephrol, 2010, 21(3):419-427
[24]Gamboa JL, Billings FT 4th, Bojanowski MT, et al.Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease[J].Physiol Rep, 2016, 4(9):e12780-e12780
[25]Verzola D, Procopio V, Sofia A, et al.Apoptosis and myostatin mRNA are upregulated in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic kidney disease[J].Kidney Int., 2011, 79(7):773-782
[26]Yamada S, ?Tsuruya K, ?Yoshida H, et al.Factors Associated with the Serum Myostatin Level in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: Potential Effects of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Vitamin D Receptor Activator Use[J].Calcif Tissue Int., 2016, 99(1):13-22
[27]Han DS, ?Chen YM, ?Lin SY, et al.Serum myostatin levels and grip strength in normal subjects and patients on maintenance haemodialysis[J]. [J].Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 2011, Dec; 75(6):857-863
[28]Chiang JM, Kaysen GA, Segal M, et al.Low testosterone is associated with frailty, muscle wasting and physical dysfunction among men receiving hemodialysis: a longitudinal analysis.Nephrol Dial Transplant[J].[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant., 2019 , May 1; 34(5):802-810
[29]Kim JK, Choi SR, Choi MJ, et al.Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease.[J].Clin Nutr, 2014, Feb; 33(1):64-68
[30]Ren H, Gong D, Jia F, et al.Sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: incidence rate, risk factors and its effect on survival risk[J]. [J].Ren Fail, 2016, 38(3):364-371
[31]Doshi M, Streja E, Rhee CM, et al.Examining the robustness of the obesity paradox in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a marginal structural model analysis[J].[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2016, Aug; 31(8):1310-1319
[32]Franco MRG, Colugnati FAB, Qureshi AR, et al.The impact of body mass index (BMI) variation on mortality of incident elderly patients on peritoneal dialysis: a joint model analysis[J].[J].J Bras Nefrol, 2017, 39(3):267-274
[33]Sarkar SR, Kuhlmann MK, Kotanko P, et al.Metabolic consequences of body size and body composition in hemodialysis patients[J].[J].Kidney Int, 2006, Nov; 70(10):1832-1839
[34]Park JM, Lee JH, Jang HM, et al.Survival in patients on hemodialysis: Effect of gender according to body mass index and creatinine[J][J].PLoS One., 2018 , May 16; 13(5):e0196550-e0196550
[35]Giglio J, Kamimura MA, Lamarca F, et al.Association of Sarcopenia With Nutritional Parameters, Quality of Life, Hospitalization, and Mortality Rates of Elderly Patients on Hemodialysis[J].[J].J Ren Nutr., 2018, May; 28(3):197-207
[36]Isoyama N, Qureshi AR, Avesani CM, et al.Comparative associations of muscle mass and muscle strength with mortality in dialysis patients[J]. [J].Clin J Am Soc Nephrol., 2014, Oct 7; 9(10):1720-1728
[37]Kittiskulnam P, Chertow GM, Carrero JJ, et al.Sarcopenia and its individual criteria are associated, in part, with mortality among patients on hemodialysis[J]. [J].Kidney Int., 2017, Jul; 92(1):238-247
[38]Ikizler TA, Cano NJ, Franch H, et al.Prevention and treatment of protein energy wasting in chronic kidney disease patients: a consensus statement by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism[J]. [J].Kidney Int, 2013, Dec; 84(6):1096-1107
[39]Martin-Alema?y G, Valdez-Ortiz R, Olvera-Soto G, et al.The effects of resistance exercise and oral nutritional supplementation during?hemodialysis on indicators of nutritional status and quality of life[J].[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2016, Oct; 31(10):1712-1720
[40]Olvera-Soto MG, Valdez-Ortiz R, López Alvarenga JC, et al.Effect of Resistance Exercises on the Indicators of Muscle Reserves and Handgrip Strength in Adult Patients on Hemodialysis[J]. [J].J Ren Nutr, 2016, Jan; 26(1):53-60
[41]Frih B, Jaafar H, Mkacher W, et al.The Effect of Interdialytic Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Training on Health Related Outcomes in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: The Tunisian Randomized Controlled Study[J].[J].Front Physiol, 2017, May 31(8):288-288
[42]Chen LK, Lee WJ, Peng LN, et al.Recent Advances in Sarcopenia Research in Asia: 2016 Update From the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia[J].[J].J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Aug 1; 17(8):767.e1-7., 2016, Aug 1; 17(8):767.e1-7-767.e1-7
[43]Mori A, Nishino T, Obata Y, et al.The effect of active vitamin D administration on muscle mass in hemodialysis patients[J].[J].Clin Drug Investig, 2013, Nov; 33(11):837-846
[44]Lin YL, Chen SY, Lai YH, et al.Angiotensin II receptor blockade is associated with preserved muscle strength in chronic hemodialysis patients[J].BMC Nephrol.?2019 Feb 14; 20(1):54.[J].BMC Nephrol., 2019, Feb 14; 20(1):54-54
[45]Brüggemann AK, ?Mello CL, ?Dal Pont T, et al.Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation During Hemodialysis on Peripheral Muscle Strength and Exercise Capacity: A?Randomized?Clinical?Trial[J]. [J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 2017, May; 98(5):822-831
