【Abstract】Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis (PDRP) caused by Bacillus cereus. Methods The clinical data of a patient diagnosed as PDRP caused by a rare pathogen of Bacillus cereus was retrospectively analyzed. The related literature was reviewed. Results This patient experienced series episodes of PDRP and finally Bacillus cereus was isolated in peritoneal fluid. The PDRP was cured by prolonged treatment of sensitive antibiotics. Bacillus cereus caused PDRP mainly by pollution. It can be cured by effective antibiotics. However, relapse or repeat peritonitis was common, and removal of the catheter was considered to be an option for treatment. Conclusion Although rare to be seen, clinicians should be aware of Bacillus cereusas as the pathogen of PDRP. Appropriate treatment is useful to improve the patient’s outcome.