【摘要】自体动静脉内瘘狭窄造成的透析困难给患者带来了持续的身心困扰及沉重的经济负担，严重者甚至缩短了生存期,对其进行有效防治可谓迫在眉睫。静脉内膜增生是内瘘狭窄的关键环节；目前有关药物对其预防作用的诸多研究多处于动物实验阶段或缺乏一致性，而外科操作技巧及介入器械也处在持续探索与改进状态中。

【Abstract】Dialysis difficulties caused by arteriovenous fistula stenosis result in continuous physical, mental and economic burdens to the patients and even a short survival period. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment of the stenosis are urgently needed. Venous neointimal hyperplasia is the key change of fistula stenosis. Currently, most studies on the drugs for the prevention of stenosis are only at the early animal experiment stage and without consistent results. Surgical skills and interventional instruments for treatment of the stenosis are also in the stage of continuous exploration and improvement.