【Abstract】Objective To explore an improved, convenient and safe method to implant peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters. Methods The patients who required to implant catheters for PD and were treated in Beijing Haidian Hospital in the period from January 2018 to April 2019 were randomly divided into two groups: puncture group (n=15) and surgical incision group (n= 15). Their surgical method, effects and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results There were no PD patients in the two groups changed to other dialysis methods because of complications in the 6-month observation period. There were no differences in intraoperation bleeding, organ injury due to operation and bloody ascites within 3 days after the operation between the two groups (χ2=0.307,0.000 and 0.000 respectively;P=0.543,1.000 and 1.000 respectively). There were also no differences in catheter leakage and displacement, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, external exit infection within one month, and external exit infection within 6 months between the two groups (χ2=1.034, 2.143, 1.034 and 0.000 respectively; P=0.309,0.143,0.309 and 1.000 respectively). However, operation time, incision length, and intestinal exhaust time after operation were statistically different between the two groups(χ2=-5.849,-9.102 and 13.630 respectively; P＜0.001,＜0.001 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided micropuncture system is simple and safe for implantation of PD catheters, with similar rates of operative complications and catheter survival compared to the traditional surgical method.