【摘要】终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)是世界范围内的重要公共卫生问题，其起病隐匿，就诊时往往需要紧急起始透析。目前，采用中心静脉置管行血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)是最常用的紧急起始透析方式，但增加导管相关感染、菌血症、血栓形成等并发症的风险，且医疗费用较高。近年来，随着自动化腹膜透析(automated peritoneal dialysis,APD)技术的不断进步，紧急起始腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)的关注度不断上升。多数研究认为，紧急起始PD 具有良好的安全性、疗效和卫生经济学效益，具有广阔的应用前景。

【Abstract】End stage renal disease (ESRD) has become an important public health problem worldwide. The insidious progress of ESRD often leads to the requirement of urgent-start dialysis when admitted to hospitals. Currently, hemodialysis with central vein catheterization is still the most commonly used method of urgent-start dialysis. However, this method has the risks of catheter- related infection, bacteremia, thrombosis and other complications with higher medical expenses. Due to the continuous progress of automated peritoneal dialysis technology, the interest to urgent-start peritoneal dialysis(PD) increases in recent years. Most studies show that urgent-start PD is safe, effective, favorable to health economics, and worthy of widely used.