【Abstract】Anemia is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The compliance rate of anemia treatment is still lower in China. The mechanisms of anemia in PD patients include the deficiency of erythropoietin (EPO) production and lower EPO response due to abnormal oxygen sensing pathway, iron deficiency, inflammation, malnutrition and many others. In addition to maintain hemoglobin within the target range, to reduce hemoglobin variation is also essential in the treatment of anemia in PD patients. Hemoglobin variation is a clinical phenomenon affected by many factors including drug related factors, patient related factors, inflammation, iron deficiency, infection and many others. Hemoglobin variation and its related management must be concerned during the treatment of anemia in PD patients to improve their prognosis.
[1]Luxia Zhang, Fang Wang, Li Wang, et al.Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey[J].Lancet, 2012, 379(9818):815-822
[2]Yuan Peng, Hongjian Ye, Chunyan Yi, et al.Changes in Outcomes Over Time Among Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Southern China[J].Perit Dial Int, 2019, 39(4):382-389
[3]Qiu-Gen Zhou, Jian-Ping Jiang, Sheng-Jie Wu, et al.Current Pattern of Chinese Dialysis Units: A Cohort Study in a Representative Sample of Units[J].Chin Med J (Engl), 2012, 125(19):3434-3439
[4]Wang F, Yang C, Long J, et al.Executive Summary for the 2015 Annual Data Report of the China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET)[J].Kidney Int, 2019, 95(3):501-505
[5]Xue-Ying Cao, Jian-Hui Zhou, Guang-Yan Cai, et al.Predicting One-Year Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: An Analysis of the China Peritoneal Dialysis Registry[J].Int.J.med.SCI, 2015, 12(4):354-361
[6]Panagiotis T Vlagopoulos, Hocine Tighiouart, Daniel E Weiner, et al.Anemia as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Diabetes: The Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease[J].J Am Soc Nephrol, 2005, 16(11):3403-3410
[7]J Antonio García-Bello, Joel Ortiz-Flores b, Francisco E.Torres de la Riva,et alAnaemia and hypoalbuminemia as risk factors for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in children with chronic kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis[J].nefrologia, 2018, 38(4):408-413
[8]Mark J Koury, Volker H Haase.Anaemia in Kidney Disease: Harnessing Hypoxia Responses for Therapy[J].Nat Rev Nephrol, 2015, 11(7):394-410
[9]Liu J, Wei Q, Guo C, et al.Hypoxia,HIF,and associated signaling networks in chronic kidney disease[J].Int J Mol Sci, 2017, 18(5):950-966
[10]Donnelly S.Why is erythropoietin made in the kidney? The kidney functions as a critmeter[J].Am J Kidney Dis, 2001, 38(2):415-425
[11]Ross S L, Tran L, Winters A, et al.Molecular mechanism of hepcidin-mediated ferroportin internalization requires ferroportin lysines,not tyrosines or JAK-STAT[J].Cell Metab, 2012, 15(6):905-917
[12] Tetsuya Ogawa, Kosaku Nitta.Erythropoiesis-stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients[J].[J].Contrib Nephrol, 2015, 185:76-86
[13]Oluwatoyin F Bamgbola.Pattern of Resistance to Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agents in Chronic Kidney Disease[J].Kidney Int, 2011, 80(5):464-474
[14]Marisa Cristiane Cardoso de Oliveira, Adriano Luis Ammirati, Maria Claudia Andreolli, et al.Anemia in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Prevalence and Associated Factors[J].J Bras Nefrol, 2016, 38(1):76-81
[15]Josipa Radi?, Nikolina Ba?i?-Juki?, Bo?idar Vuji?i?, et al.Anemia Is Correlated With Malnutrition and Inflammation in Croatian Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Multicenter Nationwide Study[J].Perit Dial Int, 2017, 37(4):472-475
[16]Shohei Kaneko, Keiji Hirai, Junki Morino, et al.Association Between Carnitine Deficiency and the Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study[J].Ren Fail, 2020, 42(1):146-153
[17]Alicja Ryta, Michal Chmielewski, Alicja Debska-Slizien, et al.Impact of Gender and Dialysis Adequacy on Anaemia in Peritoneal Dialysis[J].Int Urol Nephrol, 2017, 49(5):903-908
[18]谌贻璞.肾性贫血患者铁状态检测指标的评估判读及其应用[J].中国实用内科杂志, 2012, 32(12):897-899
[19]Laura E K Ratcliffe, Wayne Thomas, Jessica Glen, et al.Diagnosis and Management of Iron Deficiency in CKD: A Summary of the NICE Guideline Recommendations and Their Rationale[J].Am J Kidney Dis, 2016, 67(4):548-558
[20]Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, George R AronoffJ.Hemoglobin Variability in Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease[J].J Am Soc Nephrol, 2009, 20(3):479-487
[21]Jeffrey S Berns, Hafez Elzein, Robert I Lynn, et al.Hemoglobin Variability in Epoetin-Treated Hemodialysis Patients[J].Kidney Int, 2003, 64(4):1514-1521
[22]龚蓉, 皮婧静, 陈泽君, 等.维持性腹膜透析与血液透析患者血红蛋白变异性的对比研究[J].中华临床医师杂志电子版, 2014, 8(7):1226-1220
[23]陈雅, 倪兆慧, 顾乐怡, 等.腹膜透析患者血红蛋白波动与其心血管预后[J].中国血液净化, 2014, 13(6):428-432
[24]程艳娇, 王梅.血红蛋白变异性与透析患者预后的关系[J].中华肾脏病杂志, 2013, 29(4):253-257
[25]Regidor DL, Kopple JD, Kovesdy CP, et al.Associations between changes in hemoglobin and administered erythropoiesis-stimulating agent and survival in hemodialysis patients[J].J Am Soc Nephrol, 2006, 17(4):1181-1191
[26]Nicholas M Selby, Sally A Fonseca, Richard J Fluck, et al.Hemoglobin Variability With Epoetin Beta and Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis[J].Perit Dial Int, 2012, 32(2):177-182
[27]Okazaki M, Komatsu M, Kawaguchi H, et al.Erythropoietin resistance index and the all- cause mortality of chronic hemodialysis patients[J].Blood Purif, 2014, 37(2):106-112
[28]Tadao Akizawa, Tetsuro Otsuka, Michael Reusch, Mai Ueno.Intermittent Oral Dosing of Roxadustat in Peritoneal Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Anemia: A Randomized,Phase 3,Multicenter,Open-Label Study[J].Ther Apher Dial, 2020, 24(2):115-125
[29]Chen N, Hao C, Liu BC, et al.Roxadustat Treatment for Anemia in Patients Undergoing Long- Term Dialysis[J].N Engl J Med, 2019, 381(11):1011-1022
