【摘要】在我国，肾脏疾病的发病率逐年增高，与此同时，终末期肾病的治疗任务也越来越大，血液透析在肾脏替代治疗中扮演着重要的角色，但透析中低血压(intradialytic hypotension,IDH)的发生已成为影响透析患者预后的主要危险因素之一。IDH 主要表现为：恶心、呕吐、腹部不适、心绞痛，严重时会危及患者的生命。因此，对于IDH 的预防及治疗至关重要。本文系统分析了IDH 的发生机制、高危因素、相关预防及治疗措施。通过对IDH 进行充分的认识，积极采取干预措施，减少IDH 的发生及其危害，提高患者的透析质量及延长生存时间。

【Abstract】The incidence of renal disease is increasing nowadays in China; as a result, the treatment burden for end-stage renal disease patients is greatly increased. Hemodialysis plays an important role in renal replacement therapy. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) has become one of the main risk factors for the prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis patients. IDH is clinically characterized by nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, anxiety, headache, syncope, angina, severe shock, myocardial infarction and other threats to the patient's life. Prevention and treatment of IDH is of vital importance. This paper systematically introduces the mechanism, high risk factors, prevention and treatment of IDH. Comprehension and active intervention of IDH are essential to reduce the incidence and the adverse effects of IDH and to improve the quality of life and the survival period of the patients.