【摘要】维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis，MHD)患者由于存在多种代谢紊乱及血液透析相关因素，导致机体呼吸过程的各环节均可能出现功能障碍。呼吸功能障碍导致MHD 患者的生活质量降低，增加不良预后风险。肺康复可以改善患者的生理功能，提高运动耐力，减轻呼吸困难症状，提高健康相关生活质量。本文针对MHD患者呼吸功能障碍的病理生理机制及康复治疗进行综述。

【Abstract】The metabolic disorders and dialysis-related factors in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients may result in dysfunction in all aspects of the respiratory process. Respiratory dysfunction reduces quality of life and increases the risk of poor prognosis in MHD patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation can improve patients' exercise endurance and reduce dyspnea. In this paper, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms and rehabilitation treatment of respiratory dysfunction in MHD patients, aiming to provide new insights into the pathophysiology of respiratory dysfunction and improve clinical management of MHD patients.