【摘要】动静脉内瘘功能不良与血管内皮损伤程度密切相关。动静脉内瘘手术中的损伤及术后动静脉内血流力学改变均可造成血管内皮不同程度的损伤，保护损伤的血管内皮细胞是防治早期内瘘功能不良的关键。法舒地尔(Fasudil)是一种Rho 激酶抑制剂，能降低炎症反应、缓解血管痉挛、内皮功能紊乱、预防血栓形成、扩张血管等，进而保护血管内皮损伤，但其机制并不完全清楚。本文综述了法舒地尔血管保护机制，为动静脉内瘘术后法舒地尔临床应用提供依据。

【Abstract】Reginal vascular endothelial injury is closely related to the dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula. Surgical injury and hemodynamics changes after the surgery may cause vascular endothelial injury of various degrees. Therefore, to protect vascular endothelia from injuries is the key to preserve early function of the arteriovenous fistula. Fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, relieves inflammatory reactions, vasospasm, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, vasodilatation, and many other functions to protect vascular endothelial cells from injuries. However, the mechanism of Fasudil remains controversial. This article reviews the vascular protection mechanism of Fasudil and provides the basis for clinical application of Fasudil after arteriovenous fistula surgery.