【摘要】维持性血液透析患者因肾功能严重受损而易发生高钾血症，糖尿病、高血压、心力衰竭等合并症进一步增高其发生风险。高钾血症严重影响患者预后，因此，维持血钾在正常水平对改善维持性血液透析患者的临床结局不可或缺。最新研究对使用血液透析、饮食管理等手段防治高钾血症进行了更多探索，环硅酸锆钠、Patiromer 的上市也为高钾血症的药物干预提供了新的选择。鉴于我国维持性血液透析患者中高钾血症患病率高、疾病负担重，本文旨在综述该患者人群高钾血症管理方面的最新进展供借鉴。

【Abstract】Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are prone to have hyperkalemia due to the severe impairment of renal function. The complications of diabetes, hypertension and hear failure in MHD patients further increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia seriously affects their prognosis, so that maintenance of serum potassium within normal range is essential to improving their clinical outcomes. Recent studies on hemodialysis and dietary management add more explorations to the prevention and treatment of hyperkalemia. The presence of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and patiromer in the market contributes new therapeutic options to the intervention of hyperkalemia. Given that the incidence of hyperkalemia is higher and the disease burden is heavier in MHD patients in China, this article aims to review the recent advances in the management of hyperkalemia in MHD patients.