【摘要】自体动静脉内瘘(autogenous arteriovenous fistula，AVF)是维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis，MHD)患者主要通路。然而，AVF 成熟障碍及狭窄、血栓形成是MHD 医患双方面临的巨大挑战。内膜增生是AVF 狭窄的主要病理生理因素。除内皮功能障碍，局部流体力学等亦对其产生影响。研究表明，运动干预与康复训练有助于造瘘手术后AVF 成熟，延长AVF 使用年限。本文综述了不同运动方式对造瘘前、后血管功能的影响，血管通畅率改善的病理生理机制及研究进展，以期为临床提供经济、安全、有效的干预手段。

【Abstract】Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the main blood access pathway for patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). However, the lagged maturation, stenosis and thrombosis of AVF are great challenges for both doctors and patients. Intimal hyperplasia is the main pathophysiological factor of AVF stenosis. In addition to endothelial dysfunction, local hydrodyna-mics also play an important role. Studies have shown that exercise intervention and rehabilitation training after AVF operation can facilitate its maturation and longer service life of AVF. This paper reviews the effects of different exercise modes on vascular function before and after AVF operation, and the research progress and pathophysiological mechanism in improvement of vascular patency rate, in order to provide economical, safe and effective intervention methods for clinical practice.