[1]Lin C N, Wu I W, Huang Y F, et al.Measuring serum total and free indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate in chronic kidney disease using UPLC-MSMS[J].J Food Drug Anal, 2019, 27(2):502-509
[2] Cheng T H, Ma M C, Liao M T, et al.Indoxyl Sulfate, a Tubular Toxin, Contributes to the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease[J].Toxins (Basel), 2020, 12(11):684
[3]Holle J, Kirchner M, Okun J, et al.Serum indoxyl sulfate concentrations associate with progression of chronic kidney disease in children[J].PLoS One, 2020, 15(10):e0240446
[4]Yamamoto S, Fuller D S, Komaba H, et al.Serum total indoxyl sulfate and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients: results from the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study[J].Clin Kidney J, 2021, 14(4):1236-1243
[5]Kikuchi K, Saigusa D, Kanemitsu Y, et al.Gut microbiome-derived phenyl sulfate contributes to albuminuria in diabetic kidney disease[J].Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):1835
[6]Ellis R J, Small D M, Ng K L, et al.Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Apoptosis and Hypertrophy in Human Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells[J].Toxicol Pathol, 2018, 46(4):449-459
[7] Lu C L, Liao C H, Lu K C, et al.TRPV1 Hyperfunction Involved in Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate-Mediated Renal Tubular Damage[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(17):6212
[8]Bolati D, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, et al.Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, downregulates renal expression of Nrf2 through activation of NF-kappaB[J].BMC Nephrol, 2013, 14:56
[9]Shimizu H, Saito S, Higashiyama Y, et al.CREB,NF-kappaB,and NADPH oxidase coordinately upregulate indoxyl sulfate-induced angiotensinogen expression in proximal tubular cells[J].Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2013, 304(7):C685-92
[10]Lu C L, Zheng C M, Lu K C, et al.Indoxyl-Sulfate-Induced Redox Imbalance in Chronic Kidney Disease[J].Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(6):936
[11]Barreto F C, Barreto D V, Liabeuf S, et al.Serum indoxyl sulfate is associated with vascular disease and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients[J].Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2009, 4(10):1551-8
[12]Holle J, Querfeld U, Kirchner M, et al.Indoxyl sulfate associates with cardiovascular phenotype in children with chronic kidney disease[J].Pediatr Nephrol, 2019, 34(12):2571-2582
[13]Wu C C, Hsieh M Y, Hung S C, et al.Serum Indoxyl Sulfate Associates with Postangioplasty Thrombosis of Dialysis Grafts[J].J Am Soc Nephrol, 2016, 27(4):1254-64
[14]Li S Z, Xie Y F, Yang B Y, et al.MicroRNA-214 targets COX-2 to antagonize indoxyl sulfate (IS)-induced endothelial cell apoptosis[J].Apoptosis, 2020, 25(1-2):92-104
[15] Kim H Y, Yoo T H, Hwang Y, et al.Indoxyl sulfate (IS)-mediated immune dysfunction provokes endothelial damage in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)[J].Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):3057
[16]Garcia-Jerez A, Luengo A, Carracedo J, et al.Effect of uraemia on endothelial cell damage is mediated by the integrin linked kinase pathway[J].Journal of Physiology-London, 2015, 593(3):601-618
[17]Ito S, Osaka M, Edamatsu T, et al.Crucial Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Vascular Inflammation[J].Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 2016, 23(8):960-975
[18]He X, Jiang H L, Gao F F, et al.Indoxyl sulfate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via the PI3KAktNF-kappa B signaling pathway[J].Microscopy Research and Technique, 2019, 82(12):2000-2006
[19] Savira F, Cao L X, Wang I, et al.Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 inhibition attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and cardiorenal fibrosis induced by uremic toxins: Implications for cardiorenal syndrome[J].Plos One, 2017, 12(11):e0187459
[20]Watanabe H, Enoki Y, Maruyama T.Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Factors,Mechanisms,and Therapeutic Interventions[J].Biol Pharm Bull, 2019, 42(9):1437-1445
[21]Lin Y L, Liu C H, Lai Y H, et al.Association of Serum Indoxyl Sulfate Levels with Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A 2-year Longitudinal Analysis[J].Calcif Tissue Int, 2020, 107(3):257-265
[22] Enoki Y, Watanabe H, Arake R, et al.Indoxyl sulfate potentiates skeletal muscle atrophy by inducing the oxidative stress-mediated expression of myostatin and atrogin-1[J].Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:32084
[23]Changchien C Y, Lin Y H, Cheng Y C, et al.Indoxyl sulfate induces myotube atrophy by ROS-ERK and JNK-MAFbx cascades[J].Chem Biol Interact, 2019, 304:43-51
[24]Enoki Y, Watanabe H, Arake R, et al.Potential therapeutic interventions for chronic kidney disease-associated sarcopenia via indoxyl sulfate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction[J].J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2017, 8(5):735-747
[25] Kelly D M, Rothwell P M.Disentangling the Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cognitive Disorders[J].Front Neurol, 2022, 13:830064
[26]Yeh Y C, Huang M F, Liang S S, et al.Indoxyl sulfate, not p-cresyl sulfate, is associated with cognitive impairment in early-stage chronic kidney disease[J].Neurotoxicology, 2016, 53:148-152
[27]Lin Y T, Wu P H, Liang S S, et al.Protein-bound uremic toxins are associated with cognitive function among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis[J].Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):20388
[28] Lin Y T, Wu P H, Tsai Y C, et al.Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Inhibition in Human Astrocytes[J].Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2019, 8(2):191
[29]Sun C Y, Li J R, Wang Y Y, et al.Indoxyl sulfate caused behavioral abnormality and neurodegeneration in mice with unilateral nephrectomy[J].Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(5):6681-6701
[30]Karbowska M, Hermanowicz J M, Tankiewicz-Kwedlo A, et al.Neurobehavioral effects of uremic toxin-indoxyl sulfate in the rat model[J].Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1):9483
[31] Liu W C, Shyu J F, Lin Y F, et al.Resveratrol Rescue Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Deterioration of Osteoblastogenesis via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/MAPK Pathway[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, 21(20):7483
[32] Shyu J F, Liu W C, Zheng C M, et al.Toxic Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate on Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(20):11265
[33]Watanabe K, Tominari T, Hirata M, et al.Indoxyl sulfate,a uremic toxin in chronic kidney disease,suppresses both bone formation and bone resorption[J].FEBS Open Bio, 2017, 7(8):1178-1185
[34] Liu W C, Wu C C, Hung Y M, et al.Pleiotropic effects of vitamin D in chronic kidney disease[J]. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2016, 453:1-12
[35]Kanda E, Yoshida M, Sasaki S.Applicability of fibroblast growth factor 23 for evaluation of risk of vertebral fracture and chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disease in elderly chronic kidney disease patients[J].BMC Nephrol, 2012, 13:122
[36] Dias G F, Bonan N B, Steiner T M, et al.Indoxyl Sulfate, a Uremic Toxin, Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Erythrocyte Cell Death Supposedly by an Organic Anion Transporter 2 (OAT2) and NADPH Oxidase Activity-Dependent Pathways[J].Toxins (Basel), 2018, 10(7):280
[37]Asai H, Hirata J, Hirano A, et al.Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent erythropoietin expression by indoxyl sulfate[J].Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2016, 310(2):C142-50
[38]Wu C J, Chen C Y, Lai T S, et al.The role of indoxyl sulfate in renal anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease[J].Oncotarget, 2017, 8(47):83030-83037
[39] Lima J D, Guedes M, Rodrigues S D, et al. High-volume hemodiafiltration decreases the pre-dialysis concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate compared to hemodialysis: a post-hoc analysis from the HDFit randomized controlled trial[J]. J Nephrol, 2022
[40] Shi Y, Tian H, Wang Y, et al.Improved Dialysis Removal of Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins with a Combined Displacement and Adsorption Technique[J].Blood Purif, 2021, :1-11
[41]Liu J, Zhong J, Yang H, et al.Biotic Supplements in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials[J].J Ren Nutr, 2022, 32(1):10-21
[42] Mcfarlane C, Krishnasamy R, Stanton T, et al.Synbiotics Easing Renal Failure by Improving Gut Microbiology II (SYNERGY II): A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial[J].Nutrients, 2021, 13(12):4481
[43]Asai M, Kumakura S, Kikuchi M.Review of the efficacy of AST-120 (KREMEZIN((R))) on renal function in chronic kidney disease patients[J].Ren Fail, 2019, 41(1):47-56
[44]Saar-Kovrov V, Zidek W, Orth-Alampour S, et al.Reduction of protein-bound uraemic toxins in plasma of chronic renal failure patients: A systematic review[J].J Intern Med, 2021, 290(3):499-526
[45]胡文兴, 刘敏.益生菌对维持性血液透析慢性肾脏病患者肠道菌群失调的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志, 2020, 32(11):1323-1326
[46] Mcfarlane C, Krishnasamy R, Stanton T, et al. Diet Quality and Protein-Bound Uraemic Toxins: Investigation of Novel Risk Factors and the Role of Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease[J]. J Ren Nutr, 2021
