动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula，AVF)是维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis，MHD)患者首选的血管通路。血管钙化(vascular calcification，VC)是导致AVF功能障碍的重要原因之一，并且增加患者透析不充分及死亡的发生风险。AVF血管钙化的发生是促钙化因素增强及抑制钙化因素减弱共同作用的结果，包括血流动力学紊乱、钙磷代谢异常、炎症及氧化应激等因素引起的复杂的病理生理过程。本文就AVF血管钙化的流行病学特点、病理生理、发病机制及防治等研究进展进行综述。

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the optimal vascular access for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the important causes of AVF dysfunction, increasing the risks of dialysis inadequacy and death in the patients. Vascular calcification of AFV is a complicated process, resulting from the combined effects of pro-calcification factors and calcification inhibition factors, such as hemodynamic changes, calcium and phosphorus metabolism dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and others. In this paper, the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of AVF vascular calcification are summarized.