目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis，MHD)患者并发不安腿综合征(restless legs syndrome，RLS)的相关危险因素。方法 选择2021年6月～2022年7月于石河子市人民医院血液透析室的MHD患者，收集患者临床资料，对比分析并发RLS组(A组)与未并发RLS组(B组)患者的一般状况及各项临床参数指标的差异。通过单因素Logistic回归分析及多因素Logistic回归分析各因素与RLS之间的相关性。 结果 共纳入MHD患者169例，未合并RLS组患者103例，合并RLS组患者66例，患病率为39.05%。2组间年龄(t=-2.297，P=0.022)、透析龄(t=-2.938,P=0.003)、血红蛋白(t=-2.205，P=0.027)、血肌酐(t=3.309，P=0.001)、血磷(t=5.732，P=0.002)、血镁(t=-4.070，P＜0.001)、血清铁(t=   -3.545，P＜0.001)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH；t=-4.038，P＜0.001)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG；t=-3.655，P＜0.001)、铁蛋白(t=-2.291，P=0.022)比较差异有统计学意义。单因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=0.976，95%CI：0.952～1.000，P=0.046)、透析龄(OR=1.019，95%CI：1.009～1.029，P＜0.001)、血红蛋白(OR=0.976，95%CI：0.957～0.995，P=0.012)、血镁(OR=13.134，95%CI：2.561～67.366，P=0.002)、PTH(OR=1.002，95%CI：1.001～1.003，P=0.001)、β2-MG(OR=1.008，95%CI：1.002～1.013，P=0.010)、铁蛋白(OR=0.998，95%CI：0.996～1.000，P=0.015)与RLS发生有关，多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示长透析龄(β=1.414，P=0.048)、高PTH(β=0.012，P=0.035)、高β2-MG(β=0.013，P=0.014)、低铁蛋白(β=-0.091，P=0.004)是MHD患者发生RLS的独立危险因素。 结论 RLS是MHD患者的常见并发症，透析龄长、PTH及β2-MG增高、铁缺乏可能与维持性血液透析患者RLS的发生有关。

Objective  To explore the risk factors for restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).  Methods  The clinical data of 169 MHD patients treated in the hemodialysis unit of Shihezi People's Hospital from June 2021 to July 2022 were recruited. Clinical parameters were compared between group A (with RLS) and group B (without RLS). The correlations between the clinical data and RLS were analyzed by univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression.  Results  A total of 169 MHD patients were included in this study, and 66 patients had RLS with a RLS prevalence of 39.05%.  Comparisons of clinical data showed that age  (t=-2.297, P=0.022), dialysis age  (t=-2.938, P=0.003), hemoglobin (t=-2.205, P=0.027), serum creatinine (t=3.309, P=0.001), blood phosphorus (t=5.732, P=0.002), blood magnesium (t=-4.070, P＜0.001), serum iron (t=-3.545, P＜0.001), PTH (t=-4.038, P＜0.001), β2-microglobulin (t=-3.655, P＜0.001) and ferritin (t=-2.291, P=0.022) were statistically different between group A and group B. Univariate logistic regression found that age (OR=0.976, 95% CI 0.952~1.000, P=0.046), dialysis age (OR=1.019, 95% CI 1.009~1.029, P<0.001), hemoglobin (OR=0.976, 95% CI 0.957~0.995, P=0.012), blood magnesium (OR=13.134, 95% CI 2.561~67.366, P=0.002), PTH (OR=1.002, 95% CI 1.001~1.003, P=0.001), β2-microglobulin (OR=1.008, 95% CI 1.002~1.013, P=0.010) and ferritin (OR=0.998, 95% CI 0.996~1.000, P=0.015) were associated with the presence of RLS. Multivariate logistic regression showed that longer dialysis age (β=1.414, P=0.048), higher PTH (β=0.012, P=0.035), higher β2-micrglobulin (β=0.013, P=0.014) and lower ferritin (β=-0.091, P=0.004) were the independent risk factors for RLS in MHD patients. Additionally, MHD patients with RLS were more likely to complicate with sleep disorders, anxiety and depression.  Conclusion RLS is a common complication in MHD patients. Longer dialysis, increased PTH and β2-microglobulin, and iron deficiency may relate to the occurrence of RLS in MHD patients. RLS patients are more likely to have sleep disorders, anxiety and depression.