目的 对国内血液透析中心(hemodialysis center，HDC)进行问卷调查，评估不同经济区域、不同级别医院HDC实施肾脏病康复(renal rehabilitation,RR)的状况。方法 应用RR自我评估工具(the unit self-assessment tool，USAT)评估我国不同经济区域HDC实施RR的状况。USAT总评分为100分，每个“E”分项评分20分。 结果 本研究共发放调查问卷225份，回收有效问卷189份，回收率为84.0%。被调查的HDC以我国公立三级综合性医院为主，大部分HDC所在医疗机构配置有康复科室(77.0%)，很少有HDC配置有康复治疗间(2.1%)及康复相关的设备(12.2%)。被调查的HDC中，USAT总分≥60分的HDC比例为8.5%，总分≤20分的HDC超过20%。配置康复设备HDC的USAT总分比无相关康复设备的HDC高(Z=-3.249, P=0.001)，我国不同经济区域(χ²=1.129,P=0.770)、不同医院性质(综合/专科， Z=-0.118,P=0.906)、不同经营模式(公立/私立，Z=-0.063,P=0.950)、是否设立康复医学科的HDC (Z=-0.904,P=0.366)在USAT总分方面均未达到显著的统计学差异。结论 我国HDC的USAT总分普遍低，RR在我国仍处于起步阶段。
Objective We conducted a questionnaire survey on the implementation status of renal disease rehabilitation (RR) in hemodialysis centers (HDCs) in the hospitals with different technical levels and located in different economical regions in China. Methods The unit self-assessment tool (USAT) was used to evaluate the implementation of RR in HDCs in hospitals. USAT has a total score of 100 points, with each "E" subscale of 20 points. Results A total of 225 questionnaires were distributed and 189 valid questionnaires were returned in this study, with a return rate of 84.0%. The surveyed HDCs were mainly public and tertiary general hospitals in China. Most of the hospitals were equipped with rehabilitation department (77.0%), but only a few of HDCs were equipped with rehabilitation treatment room (2.1%) and with rehabilitation-related equipment (12.2%). Among the HDCs surveyed, only 8.5% of the HDCs had a total USAT score of ≥60, while more than 20% had a total score of ≤20. HDCs with rehabilitation equipment had higher USAT scores than those without rehabilitation equipment (Z=-3.249, P=0.001). USAT scores did not achieve statistical significances in HDCs located in different economical regions (χ²=1.129, P=0.770) and between general and specialty hospitals (Z=-0.118, P=0.906), public and private hospitals (Z=-0.063, P=0.950), and HDCs with and without a rehabilitation department (Z=-0.904, P=0.366). Conclusion The total USAT score is generally low in HDCs in China, and RR remains at a primary stage in China.
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