[1]DeBoer MD. Assessing and Managing the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients. 2019 Aug 2;11(8):1788.
[2]Fahed G, Aoun L, Bou Zerdan M, Allam S, Bou Zerdan M, Bouferraa Y, Assi HI. Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 12;23(2):786.
[3]Lemieux I, Després JP. Metabolic Syndrome: Past, Present and Future. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 14;12(11):3501.
[4]Li R, Li W, Lun Z, Zhang H, Sun Z, Kanu JS, Qiu S, Cheng Y, Liu Y: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mainland China: a meta-analysis of published studies. BMC public health 2016, 16:296.
[5]Saklayen MG: The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Current hypertension reports 2018, 20(2):12.
[6]Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Feb 21;147(8):e93-e621.
[7]Goldsborough E 3rd, Tasdighi E, Blaha MJ. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk: a 2023 update. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2023 Aug 1;34(4):162-173.
[8]Jones S, McNeil M, Koczo A. Updates in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Women. Med Clin North Am. 2023 Mar;107(2):285-298.
[9]Semachew A: Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019. The American Journal of Cardiology 2020, 76(25):2982-3021.
[10]Elendu C, Elendu RC, Enyong JM, Ibhiedu JO, Ishola IV, Egbunu EO, Meribole ES, Lawal SO, Okenwa CJ, Okafor GC, Umeh ED, Mutalib OO, Opashola KA, Fatoye JO, Awotoye TI, Tobih-Ojeanelo JI, Ramon-Yusuf HI, Olanrewaju A, Afuh RN, Adenikinju J, Amosu O, Yusuf A. Comprehensive review of current management guidelines of chronic kidney disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 9;102(23):e33984.
[11]Gupta S, Dominguez M, Golestaneh L. Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Update. Med Clin North Am. 2023 Jul;107(4):689-705.
[12]Nast CC. Chronic kidney disease with unknown cause across the global spectrum. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2023 May 1;32(3):223-231.
[13]Stevens PE, Levin A: Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med 2013, 158(11):825-830.
[14]Ene-Iordache B, Perico N, Bikbov B, Carminati S, Remuzzi A, Perna A, Islam N, Bravo RF, Aleckovic-Halilovic M, Zou H: Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk in six regions of the world (ISN-KDDC): a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health 2016, 4(5):e307-e319
[15]Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study. JAMA. 1979 May 11;241(19):2035-8.
[16]Stefan N, Schulze MB. Metabolic health and cardiometabolic risk clusters: implications for prediction, prevention, and treatment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023 Jun;11(6):426-440.
[17]Méndez Fernández AB, Vergara Arana A, Olivella San Emeterio A, Azancot Rivero MA, Soriano Colome T, Soler Romeo MJ. Cardiorenal syndrome and diabetes: an evil pairing. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 May 10;10:1185707.
[18]Thomas G, Sehgal AR, Kashyap SR, Srinivas TR, Kirwan JP, Navaneethan SD. Metabolic syndrome and kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:2364–2373.
[19]Carullo N, Zicarelli M, Michael A, Faga T, Battaglia Y, Pisani A, Perticone M, Costa D, Ielapi N, Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Serra R, Andreucci M. Childhood Obesity: Insight into Kidney Involvement. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 12;24(24):17400.
[20]Scurt FG, Ganz MJ, Herzog C, Bose K, Mertens PR, Chatzikyrkou C. Association of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Obes Rev. 2024 Jan;25(1):e13649.
[21]Ronco C, Bellasi A, Di Lullo L: Cardiorenal Syndrome: An Overview. Advances in chronic kidney disease 2018, 25(5):382-390.
[22]Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Adamczak M, de Oliveira RB, Massy ZA, Sarafidis P, Agarwal R, Mark PB, Kotanko P, Ferro CJ, Wanner C, Burnier M, Vanholder R, Wiecek A. Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease: a review from the European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine Working Group of the European Renal Association. Cardiovasc Res. 2023 Sep 5;119(11):2017-2032.
[23]Zoccali C, Mark PB, Sarafidis P, Agarwal R, Adamczak M, Bueno de Oliveira R, Massy ZA, Kotanko P, Ferro CJ, Wanner C, Burnier M, Vanholder R, Mallamaci F, Wiecek A. Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023 Nov;19(11):733-746.
[24]Marassi M, Fadini GP. The cardio-renal-metabolic connection: a review of the evidence. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Jul 31;22(1):195.
[25]Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, Després J-P, Gordon-Larsen P, Lavie CJ, Lear SA, Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Sanders P, et al; on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Stroke Council. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143:e984–e1010.
[26]Nguyen BN, Nguyen L, Mital S, Bugden S, Nguyen HV. Comparative efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Jun;25(6):1614-1623.
[27]Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, Khan SS, Coresh J, Mathew RO, Baker-Smith CM, Carnethon MR, Despres JP, Ho JE, Joseph JJ, Kernan WN, Khera A, Kosiborod MN, Lekavich CL, Lewis EF, Lo KB, Ozkan B, Palaniappan LP, Patel SS, Pencina MJ, Powell-Wiley TM, Sperling LS, Virani SS, Wright JT, Rajgopal Singh R, Elkind MSV; American Heart Association. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Nov 14;148(20):1606-1635.
[28]Khan SS, Coresh J, Pencina MJ, Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, Palaniappan LP, Sperling LS, Virani SS, Ho JE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, Rajgopal Singh R, Elkind MSV, Lloyd-Jones DM; American Heart Association. Novel Prediction Equations for Absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Dec 12;148(24):1982-2004.
[29]Larkin H. Here's What to Know About Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome, Newly Defined by the AHA. JAMA. 2023 Dec 5;330(21):2042-2043.
[30]Quaggin SE, Magod B. A united vision for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1038/s41581-024-00812-6.
[31]Hill-Briggs F, Adler NE, Berkowitz SA, Chin MH, Gary-Webb TL, Navas-Acien A, Thornton PL, Haire-Joshu D. Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes Care. 2020;44:258–279.
[32]Flynn JT, Urbina EM, Brady TM, Baker-Smith C, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, Mitsnefes M, Tran A, Zachariah JP: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children and Adolescents: 2022 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979) 2022, 79(7):e114-e124.
[33]Chung ST, Krenek A, Magge SN. Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023 Jul;25(7):405-415.
[34]Wong ND, Sattar N. Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023 Oct;20(10):685-695.
[35]Sebastian SA, Padda I, Johal G. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome: A state-of-the-art review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024 Feb;49(2):102344.
[36]Nagendra L, Dutta D, Bg H, Khandelwal D, Lathia T, Sharma M. Safety and tolerability of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in children and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jan 2. 2024 Jan 2. doi: 10.6065/apem.2346162.081.
[37]Khan P, Venkatesh S, Parveen R, Mishra P, Jain S, Agarwal N. Longitudinal efficacy of Ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2023 Sep-Dec;24(18):2199-2210.
[38]Packer M. Critical reanalysis of the mechanisms underlying the cardiorenal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and reaffirmation of the nutrient deprivation signaling/autophagy hypothesis. Circulation. 2022;146:1383–1405.
[39]Marx N, Husain M, Lehrke M, Verma S, Sattar N. GLP-1 receptor agonists for the reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Circulation. 2022;146:1882–1894.
[40]Collins KA, Kraus WE, Rogers RJ, Hauser ER, Lang W, Jiang R, Schelbert EB, Huffman KM, Jakicic JM: Effect of behavioral weight-loss program on biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk: Heart Health Study randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md) 2023, 31(2):338-349.
[41]Gawe? E, Hall B, Siatkowski S, Grabowska A, Zwierzchowska A. The Combined Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training and Dietary Supplementation on Reduction of Body Fat in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2024 Jan 25;16(3):355.
[42]Cao H, Rao X, Jia J, Yan T, Li D. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney, cardiovascular, and safety outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol. 2023 Mar;60(3):325-335.
[43]Gourdy P, Darmon P, Dievart F, Halimi JM, Guerci B. Combining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Apr 1;22(1):79.
[44]González-Juanatey JR, Górriz JL, Ortiz A, Valle A, Soler MJ, Facila L. Cardiorenal benefits of finerenone: protecting kidney and heart. Ann Med. 2023 Dec;55(1):502-513.
[45]Georgianos PI, Agarwal R. The Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid-Receptor-Antagonist Finerenone in Cardiorenal Medicine: A State-of-the-Art Review of the Literature. Am J Hypertens. 2023 Feb 24;36(3):135-143.
