外泌体是纳米级的细胞外囊泡，近年来在临床诊断和治疗开发中受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。非编码RNA包括微小RNA、环状RNA和长链非编码RNA等，在细胞或组织损伤时被动释放，与脂蛋白结合或被外泌体携带循环于各种体液中。本文对外泌体源性非编码RNA在腹膜透析超滤衰竭的研究做一综述，以期为临床中评估、预防超滤衰竭寻找潜在的治疗方法或生物标志物。

Exosome is a nanoscale extracellular vesicle, which has recently attracted great attentions for the usefulness in clinical diagnosis and treatment both in China and in foreign countries. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) includes tiny RNA, circular RNA, and long non-coding RNA, and others. ncRNA can be passively released during cellular and tissue damages, and binds to lipoproteins or circulates in various body fluids by exosome. This review focuses on the research progresses in exosomal ncRNA during ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis, in order to identify potential treatment methods and biomarkers for the clinical evaluation and prevention of ultrafiltration failure.